
Contents
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Trauma Spectrum Trauma Spectrum
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Further DSM Considerations Further DSM Considerations
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The Interrelationship of Trauma and Dissociation The Interrelationship of Trauma and Dissociation
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Prevalence Issues Prevalence Issues
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Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the U.S. Population Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in the U.S. Population
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Post-traumatic stress disorder among u.s. combatants Post-traumatic stress disorder among u.s. combatants
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Post-traumatic stress disorder across the globe Post-traumatic stress disorder across the globe
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Refugees Refugees
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Post-traumatic stress disorder following disaster and terrorism Post-traumatic stress disorder following disaster and terrorism
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Theoretical Models Theoretical Models
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Barlow’s Model of Anxiety Barlow’s Model of Anxiety
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Cognitive Model Cognitive Model
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Dual Representation Theory of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Dual Representation Theory of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
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The Schematic, Propositional, Analogue, and Associative Representational Systems Model The Schematic, Propositional, Analogue, and Associative Representational Systems Model
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Betrayal Trauma Theory Betrayal Trauma Theory
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Psychopathology Psychopathology
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Cognitive Science Cognitive Science
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Attention and post-traumatic stress disorder Attention and post-traumatic stress disorder
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Explicit memory and post-traumatic stress disorder Explicit memory and post-traumatic stress disorder
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Physiological reactivity Physiological reactivity
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Psychobiology of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Psychobiology of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
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Psychobiological Abnormalities Psychobiological Abnormalities
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Abnormalities in brain structure and function Abnormalities in brain structure and function
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Risk and Resiliency Trajectories Risk and Resiliency Trajectories
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Assessment Methods and Prediction of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Assessment Methods and Prediction of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
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Treatment Treatment
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Future Directions Future Directions
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References References
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18 Trauma, Dissociation, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Get accessTerence M. Keane, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
Brian P. Marx, National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
Denise M. Sloan, Ph.D., is an Associate Director, Education, Behavioral Science Division, National Center for PTSD, and an Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine. She received her B.A. from the State University of New York at Stony Brook and her M.A. and Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University. Her research expertise is in psychosocial treatments for PTSD and emotional impairments in depression and anxiety disorders. She has received funding from her work from several organizations, including the National Institute for Mental Health and the Department of Defense. Dr. Sloan is a member of the editorial board for the journals Behavior Therapy, Psychosomatic Medicine, Journal of Clinical Psychology, and Journal for Contemporary Psychotherapy.
Anne DePrince, Department of Psychology, University of Denver.
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Published:18 September 2012
Cite
Abstract
Worldwide, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is among the most common psychological disorders; over the past three decades researchers have made considerable progress in understanding the prevalence of PTSD and its psychological and biological underpinnings, while developing methods for its assessment and treatment. Only included in the diagnostic nomenclature since 1980, the history of PTSD extends as far back as the oldest literature in Western civilization. Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey capture the impact of war on combatants and civilians, as do many of the works of writers and artists across the centuries. The focus of this chapter is on the integration of contemporary work on traumatic stress exposure, psychological dissociation, and the development of PTSD, a disorder characterized by concurrent high levels of anxiety and depression and, in many instances, considerable chronicity and disability. More than 50 randomized controlled treatment outcome studies suggest that cognitive-behavioral treatments are especially effective, and support the use of exposure therapy, stress management therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive processing therapy, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing in treating PTSD. All these approaches constitute key evidence-based psychological treatments for PTSD. Future work will determine which treatments used by which therapists are best for patients with specific symptoms and concomitant conditions.
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