
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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What Are Middle-Level Occupations? What Are Middle-Level Occupations?
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Skills Required for Intermediate-Level Occupations Skills Required for Intermediate-Level Occupations
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Apprenticeship and School-Based Approaches to Preparing Workers for Middle-Skill Jobs Apprenticeship and School-Based Approaches to Preparing Workers for Middle-Skill Jobs
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Methodological Issues in Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Apprenticeship Training Methodological Issues in Estimating the Costs and Benefits of Apprenticeship Training
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Estimates of Costs and Benefits for Workers Estimates of Costs and Benefits for Workers
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Costs and Benefits for Employers Costs and Benefits for Employers
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Government Costs and Benefits of Apprenticeship and Other Vocational Education Government Costs and Benefits of Apprenticeship and Other Vocational Education
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Conclusions Conclusions
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References References
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9 Skill Development in Middle-level Occupations: The Role of Apprenticeship Training
Get accessRobert I. Lerman PhD is Institute Fellow at Urban Institute, Professor of Economics at American University, and a Research Fellow at IZA in Bonn, Germany. An expert on apprenticeships, he established the American Institute for Innovative Apprenticeship (www.innovativeapprenticeship.org). His published research covers employment issues, inequality, family structure, income support, and youth development. He earned his BA at Brandeis University and his PhD in economics at MIT in the United States.
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Published:06 March 2017
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Abstract
Concerns about the polarization of the labor market are widespread. However, countries vary widely in strategies for strengthening jobs at intermediate levels of skill. This paper examines the role of apprenticeship in training and upgrading for middle-level occupations. The first section defines and describes middle-skills occupations, largely in terms of education and experience. The next step is to examine skill requirements and alternative approaches to preparing and upgrading the skills of individuals for these occupations. Programs of academic education and apprenticeship programs emphasizing work-based learning have often competed for the same space but with significant complementarities. Third, we consider the evidence on the costs and effectiveness of apprenticeship training in several countries from the employer, worker, and government perspectives. The final section highlights the advantages of apprenticeship training for intermediate level skills, jobs, and careers.
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