
Contents
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11.1 Introduction: flowering plant genomes with a twist 11.1 Introduction: flowering plant genomes with a twist
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11.1.1 Nuclear genome sequencing and assembly efforts for carnivorous plants 11.1.1 Nuclear genome sequencing and assembly efforts for carnivorous plants
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11.2. Genome evolution 11.2. Genome evolution
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11.2.1 Utricularia gibba has a dynamic genome 11.2.1 Utricularia gibba has a dynamic genome
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11.2.2 Selection for genome size reduction in the Lentibulariaceae 11.2.2 Selection for genome size reduction in the Lentibulariaceae
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11.2.3 Adaptive evolution through gene duplication is largely limited to small-scale events in Cephalotus follicularis 11.2.3 Adaptive evolution through gene duplication is largely limited to small-scale events in Cephalotus follicularis
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11.3 Contribution of whole gene duplications to functional diversity 11.3 Contribution of whole gene duplications to functional diversity
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11.4 The adaptive roles of small-scale gene duplication events 11.4 The adaptive roles of small-scale gene duplication events
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11.4.1 Utricularia gibba small-scale gene duplication events 11.4.1 Utricularia gibba small-scale gene duplication events
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11.4.2 Small-scale gene duplication events in Cephalotus follicularis 11.4.2 Small-scale gene duplication events in Cephalotus follicularis
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11.5 Evolutionary rates and gene loss in Utricularia gibba 11.5 Evolutionary rates and gene loss in Utricularia gibba
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11.5.1 ROS scavenging and DNA repair 11.5.1 ROS scavenging and DNA repair
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11.5.2 Production of diploid gametes and the evolution of Utricularia gibba polyploidy 11.5.2 Production of diploid gametes and the evolution of Utricularia gibba polyploidy
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11.5.3 Defense response 11.5.3 Defense response
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11.5.4 Essential nutrient transport and enzyme activity 11.5.4 Essential nutrient transport and enzyme activity
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11.5.5 Auxin response 11.5.5 Auxin response
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11.5.6 Root and shoot morphogenesis and the transition to the aquatic habit 11.5.6 Root and shoot morphogenesis and the transition to the aquatic habit
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11.6 Genomic insights into leaf patterning in Cephalotus follicularis 11.6 Genomic insights into leaf patterning in Cephalotus follicularis
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11.7 Evolutionary convergence of digestive enzymes 11.7 Evolutionary convergence of digestive enzymes
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11.8 The Utricularia gibba genome provides a look at complete plant centromeres 11.8 The Utricularia gibba genome provides a look at complete plant centromeres
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11.9 Additional nuclear genomes and transcriptomes of carnivorous plants 11.9 Additional nuclear genomes and transcriptomes of carnivorous plants
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11.10. Organellar genomes 11.10. Organellar genomes
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11.11 Future research 11.11 Future research
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11 Carnivorous plant genomes
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Published:December 2017
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Abstract
Carnivorous plant genome research has focused on members of the Lamiales and Oxalidales; the most complete sequences are for Utricularia gibba and Cephalotus follicularis. The size-limited U. gibba genome highlights the importance of small-scale tandem duplications, which likely play roles in this species’ carnivorous adaptation. Sequencing of the C. follicularis genome detected adaptive changes that may explain the evolution of traits associated with attraction, trapping, digestion, and absorption. Functional consequences of genes putatively missing in the U. gibba genome, yet present in other angiosperms, may have influenced the evolution of polyploidy, physiology, and a rootless Bauplan. Additional draft nuclear genomes and transcriptomes are available for carnivorous Caryophyllales, Ericales, Lamiales, and Poales, but are limited in quantity and quality. Chloroplast genomes of carnivorous Lentibulariaceae have revealed interesting patterns of gene loss, alterations in the proportion of repeat DNA, and plastome-wide increases in substitution rates.
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