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Synaptic Vesicle Fusion Is Tightly Controlled Synaptic Vesicle Fusion Is Tightly Controlled
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Calcium Ion Influx Is Needed for Neurotransmitter Release Calcium Ion Influx Is Needed for Neurotransmitter Release
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Specialized Proteins Tether Synaptic Vesicles and Calcium Channels to the Active Zone Specialized Proteins Tether Synaptic Vesicles and Calcium Channels to the Active Zone
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A Change in SNAREpin Conformation Brings About Membrane Fusion A Change in SNAREpin Conformation Brings About Membrane Fusion
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Clostridial Toxins Block Synaptic Transmission by Cleaving One of the SNAREpin Proteins Clostridial Toxins Block Synaptic Transmission by Cleaving One of the SNAREpin Proteins
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Synchronous Release Dominates but Spontaneous Release Happens and Is Important Synchronous Release Dominates but Spontaneous Release Happens and Is Important
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Vesicles Are the Synaptic Unit of Information Vesicles Are the Synaptic Unit of Information
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Synaptic Vesicles Are Recycled Synaptic Vesicles Are Recycled
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The Pool of Readily Releasable Synaptic Vesicles Is Replenished After Synaptic Activity The Pool of Readily Releasable Synaptic Vesicles Is Replenished After Synaptic Activity
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A Large Reserve Pool of Synaptic Vesicles Supplies Vesicles when High-Frequency Release Depletes the Recycling Pool A Large Reserve Pool of Synaptic Vesicles Supplies Vesicles when High-Frequency Release Depletes the Recycling Pool
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Large Dense-Core Vesicles Are Released Using Distinct Mechanisms Large Dense-Core Vesicles Are Released Using Distinct Mechanisms
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Widespread Synaptic Disruption May Be at the Core of Several Diseases Widespread Synaptic Disruption May Be at the Core of Several Diseases
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Additional Reading Additional Reading
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Cite
Abstract
The biochemical and physiological processes of neurotransmitter release from an active zone, a specialized region of synaptic membrane, are examined. Synaptic vesicles containing neurotransmitters are docked at the active zone and then primed for release by SNARE complexes that bring them into extreme proximity to the plasma membrane. Entry of calcium ions through voltage-gated calcium channels triggers synaptic vesicle fusion with the synaptic terminal membrane and the consequent diffusion of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. Release results when the fusion pore bridging the synaptic vesicle and plasma membrane widens and neurotransmitter from the inside of the synaptic vesicle diffuses into the synaptic cleft. Membrane from the active zone membrane is endocytosed, and synaptic vesicle proteins are then reassembled into recycled synaptic vesicles, allowing for more rounds of neurotransmitter release.
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