
Contents
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Fundamental Differences Exist Between Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors Fundamental Differences Exist Between Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors
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A Limited Number of Ionotropic Receptors Mediate Fast Synaptic Transmission A Limited Number of Ionotropic Receptors Mediate Fast Synaptic Transmission
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Glutamate Binds to and Opens Two Fundamentally Different Ionotropic Receptors Glutamate Binds to and Opens Two Fundamentally Different Ionotropic Receptors
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Learning Depends on Changes in Synaptic Strength Learning Depends on Changes in Synaptic Strength
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Glutamate’s Actions at NMDA Receptors Are Critical to Synaptic Plasticity Glutamate’s Actions at NMDA Receptors Are Critical to Synaptic Plasticity
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Interference with the NMDA Receptor Can Produce Severe Psychological Dysfunction Interference with the NMDA Receptor Can Produce Severe Psychological Dysfunction
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Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediate Neuronal Communication with Skeletal Muscles Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Mediate Neuronal Communication with Skeletal Muscles
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The Nicotinic Receptor Comes in a Number of Variations, Each of Which Is Present in Different Tissues The Nicotinic Receptor Comes in a Number of Variations, Each of Which Is Present in Different Tissues
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GABA Binds to and Opens the Ionotropic GABAA Receptor GABA Binds to and Opens the Ionotropic GABAA Receptor
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Metabotropic Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Amplified by Cycles of G Protein Activation Metabotropic Receptor-Mediated Signaling Is Amplified by Cycles of G Protein Activation
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The Varieties of G Proteins, Second-Messengers, and Effector Pathways Provide Great Flexibility to Potential Effects of GPCRs The Varieties of G Proteins, Second-Messengers, and Effector Pathways Provide Great Flexibility to Potential Effects of GPCRs
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Metabotropic Receptors Activated by Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine Are Key to Clinical Pharmacology Metabotropic Receptors Activated by Norepinephrine and Acetylcholine Are Key to Clinical Pharmacology
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The Balance of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Tone Varies Across Conditions and the Life Cycle The Balance of Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Tone Varies Across Conditions and the Life Cycle
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Cholinergic Drugs Act Peripherally Whereas Adrenergic Drugs Have Mixed Peripheral and Central Effects Cholinergic Drugs Act Peripherally Whereas Adrenergic Drugs Have Mixed Peripheral and Central Effects
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Gap Junctions Provide a Direct Route of Intercellular Communication Gap Junctions Provide a Direct Route of Intercellular Communication
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Communication Occurs Among Neurons Using Diverse Mechanisms Communication Occurs Among Neurons Using Diverse Mechanisms
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The Outcome of Synaptic Activity Depends on the Connectivity of the Cells Involved The Outcome of Synaptic Activity Depends on the Connectivity of the Cells Involved
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Additional Reading Additional Reading
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Cite
Abstract
Ionotropic and metabotropic receptors differ in their speed of action, the variety of effects produced after ligand-binding, and in the number of types present in the nervous system. The participation of two ionotropic glutamate receptors in synaptic plasticity is thought to be the cellular basis of learning. The actions of acetylcholine on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present at the neuromuscular junction are described. The pharmacological profile of the GABAA receptor, central to most neural functions, is introduced. The properties of metabotropic receptors that are coupled to G proteins, termed G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), are detailed. Three canonical second-messenger systems through which GPCRs act are briefly described. An introduction to clinical pharmacology focused on how drugs acting on muscarinic and adrenergic receptors produce peripheral and central psychotropic effects is provided. Finally, the role of connexins and gap junctions in myelination and hearing is introduced.
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