
Contents
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The Burden of Histrory: Lands of Farmine The Burden of Histrory: Lands of Farmine
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Models of Stalinism and China Models of Stalinism and China
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The Roots of the Communist Parties in Countryside The Roots of the Communist Parties in Countryside
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The “Tribute” of the Peasantry for Industrialization/p> The “Tribute” of the Peasantry for Industrialization/p>
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Famine and the Transformation of Ownership Structure Famine and the Transformation of Ownership Structure
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Structural Conflictes between the State and Peasants and the Manipulation of Data Structural Conflictes between the State and Peasants and the Manipulation of Data
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The Role of Export The Role of Export
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Were the Famines Deliberate Mass Murder? Were the Famines Deliberate Mass Murder?
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1 The “Tribute” of the Peasantry in Times of Food Availability Decline
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Published:June 2014
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Abstract
This chapter examines the relations between the state and peasants in the development of the famines. First it shows that both Communist parties in Russia and China inherited a heavy burden from history, coming to power in “lands of famine.” Second, it evaluates the impact of several Soviet developmental models on China. Third, it compares the roots of both Communist parties in the countryside and shows that the need to win over the peasantry for socialism and the extraction of resources from the countryside for the development of industry were conflicting goals. Fourth, it raises the question of what impact collectivization and radical social transformation in the countryside had on the famine. Fifth, it argues that in the system of collective agriculture, peasants had an interest in manipulating data and concealing some production. Lastly, the chapter explains why both governments continued to export grain during the famine. In a thought experiment, it estimates how many lives could have been saved if the governments had ended the exports. Further, it considers the question of whether Stalin and Mao deliberately used the famine to commit the mass murder of millions of peasants.
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