
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Great Leap Famines Great Leap Famines
-
Hierarchies of Hunger: Preventing Urban Famine Hierarchies of Hunger: Preventing Urban Famine
-
Did Socialism Need Famine? Did Socialism Need Famine?
-
The Famine and the Enduring Distance between the State and Rural Society The Famine and the Enduring Distance between the State and Rural Society
-
Famine in the Periphery, Nationality Policies, and Counter-Memory Famine in the Periphery, Nationality Policies, and Counter-Memory
-
In the End: Failure of Communism in the Soviet Union and China In the End: Failure of Communism in the Soviet Union and China
-
-
-
-
Cite
Extract
WHEN THE COMMUNIST PARTIES came into power in Russia and China, they inherited an enormous burden. China was a “land of famine,” where millions had starved to death under late Qing and Republican rule, and in the early 1950s, it was one of the poorest countries in the world.1Close In late imperial Russia, although agriculture was more developed than in China and the level of rural nutrition was much higher, nevertheless half a million people died in the famine of 1891. Food supply problems during World War I contributed to the fall of the tsarist regime and the government of the February Revolution, as well as to the breakdown of the Russian Army. The Chinese and Soviet governments launched ambitious industrial programs to escape the backward conditions of their countries, but the first decades of the new regimes produced more serious famines than any that had occurred under the old regimes. In the early 1950s the rural population in the poor provinces of North China lived on calorie intakes that would be considered famine levels today. Under the Socialist planned economy the sale and distribution of grain was centralized under the guidance of the state so that serious mistakes in planning in poor countries such as Russia and China could result not only in supply crises involving toothpaste and meat, but also in deadly famines.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 1 |
December 2022 | 2 |
July 2023 | 2 |
October 2023 | 2 |
December 2023 | 1 |
February 2024 | 2 |
August 2024 | 2 |
September 2024 | 1 |
October 2024 | 3 |
November 2024 | 2 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.