... arranged in 3 rows: 1 central, along the sagittal midline and 2 lateral, at version angles of −15° and +15°, respectively. Along each row, 3 LEDs were located at vergence angles of 17.1°, 11.4°, and 6.9°. Given that the interocular distance for both animals was 30 mm, the nearest targets were located at 10...

... studies (Rambold et al., 2002b , 2004). Using the inter-ocular distance (5.8–7.2 cm) the vergence angles of the stimuli were calculated for each subject individually. The subject's head was comfortably stabilized in a natural upright position with a chin rest and the forehead was kept...

...Takuya Nitta; Teppei Akao; Sergei Kurkin; Kikuro Fukushima To examine velocity sensitivity to vergence eye movements for vergence-related P-cells, the spot was moved in-depth with a variety of frequencies (0.3–1.0 Hz) at constant amplitude (5°) (peak velocities 9.5–31.4°/s). Visual responses...

... of the 3-D structure of objects. It discusses three of these sources of information—perspective, occlusion, and shading—and then explains motion parallax, optic flow, binocular stereopsis, eye vergence and depth constancy, vertical disparities and differential perspective, and primary and secondary depth...

... Oculomotor (III) Somatic Oculomotor Nucleus Medial Rectus Adduction Lateral Gaze, Vergence Contralateral Superior Rectus Elevation / Intorsion Vertical Gaze, Torsion Inferior Rectus Depression / Extorsion Vertical Gaze, Torsion Inferior Oblique Extorsion...

... cancellation saccades smooth pursuit vergence extraocular muscles myasthenia gravis retinal slip nystagmus flocculus caloric testing doll's eyes pontineparamedian reticular formation omnipause neurons saccade burst neurons internuclear interneurons internuclearophthalmoplegia- gaze-evoked...

... instability due to disconjugate drifts, reduced binocular coordination of saccades, and increased latencies. These eye movement features normally develop slowly, only achieving adult quality by the age of 12. The saccadic and vergence control systems which are separate in the brainstem need to interact...

... to produce eye movements of comparable speed, thereby keeping the image of the object in or near the fovea. Using information about the location of a target in depth, the vergence system controls the movements of the eyes that will bring the image of the target onto the foveal regions of both eyes. See...

... acid-Schiff (PAS) positive macrophages in tissue, and ef Whipple disease Tropheryma whipplei cognitive dysfunction pyramidal signs extrapyramidal signs supranuclear ophthalmoplegia headache seizures pendular vergence oscillations oculomasticatory myorhythmia (OMM) Tropheryma whipplei Whipple...

...This chapter reviews static monocular cues to depth. Topics covered include syntax of edges, corners, and surfaces; interposition, shading and shadows; accommodation and image blur; and vergence as a cue to distance. static monocular cues edges corners surfaces interposition accommodation...

..., are disrupted by visual deprivation in early infancy. The two final chapters provide accounts of visual optics, accommodation, and vergence eye movements....

...There are eye movements to place objects of interest onto the fovea (saccades and vergence), and to keep it there (smooth pursuit, fixation, optokinetic, and vestibular). Signals converge onto the parietal cortex to determine what is of interest, and onto the frontal eye fields and superior...

..., pursuit, and vergence movements are concerned with pointing each eye’s line of sight (fovea) at features of interest in the environment. By combining ingenious experimental design with functional imaging and electrophysiology, it has become possible to understand much about the neural substrate underlying...

...Oxford University Press This chapter reviews the stimuli for vergence, the properties of fusional and accommodative vergence, as well as vergence made in combination with saccades or vestibular eye movements, or blinks. Different properties of horizontal, vertical, and torsional vergence...

...Oxford University Press Properly functioning eye movements facilitate a clear, stable view of the environment. Saccadic eye movements and nystagmus fast phases are 2 types of fast eye movements. Slow eye movements include smooth pursuit, vestibular, optokinetic, and vergence. Reflexive...

...The classic accommodation/vergence issue in stereo vision science is discussed in relation to stereoscopic cinema and a case of esotropia, or cross-eye condition, developed as a result of 3D movie viewing is evaluated. Coraline DreamWorks Engber Daniel esotropia Katzenberg Jeffrey Monsters vs...

...This chapter covers the reasons why eye movements are made and provides a brief account of the types of eye movements (saccades, reflex stabilizing movements, smooth pursuit, and vergence) that make up the repertoire of components of the strategies used in natural tasks. It briefly outlines...

...This chapter begins with a discussion of eye movements, including types of eye movement, coordinate systems for eye movements, and general features of vergence. It then discusses tonic vergence, accommodation and vergence, proximal veregence, disparity vergence, vergence-version interactions...

...This chapter discusses vergence and perceived distance, interactions between binocular stereopsis and other depth cues, and stereoscopic depth constancy. Topics covered include visual distance and visual size, illusory motion parallax, micropsia and macropsia, types of cue interaction, disparity...

...This chapter addresses the question of whether vergence — an oculomotor component of binocular vision — is related to the variation of chromatic information in stimuli, thereby contributing to binocular ‘colour-and-depth’ perception. In particular, the chapter examined whether a near-vergence...