... for Sustainable Governance of Common Pool Resources to Near-Earth Orbit,” Global Policy, February 2012, 72–81 . 7. Union of Concerned Scientists, UCS Satellite Database, August 11, 2016, http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear-weapons/space-weapons/satellite-database#.V7tDMhQy7zI . 8. Michele...

... unilateralism nuclear France organization environment United Nations Charter National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA interference International Space Station ISS outer space ASATs arms control space security due regard weaponization space weapons public international law space law...

...The spread of space technology is rekindling a desire to threaten enemy satellites of major military powers to a level not seen since the 1980s. Today we are witnessing the resuscitation, maturation, and proliferation of space weapons because there are many targets worth hitting in orbit...

... possible twenty-first-century space conflict. Finally, it highlights a series of markers to follow in tracking the prospects for peaceful outcomes in space in the future, based on international success or failure in dealing with orbital debris, space weapons, and the rise of new actors, including...

... humanitarian law public international law space law space warfare armed conflict space weapons distinction proportionality precaution The notion of space warfare may seem like the stuff of science fiction, however, since the 1990s there has been a common understanding among the armed forces of many...

... weapons at intercontinental distances are commonly not considered space weapons but inherently are because they employ the frictionless vacuum of space to achieve their distinctive high speed. This means humanity’s largest and most consequential space program is hiding in plain sight, an unknown known...

... the larger sweep of what the sum of space warfare is, what it is doing and can do, and why many military powers are pursuing it at all. Deterrence and space arms control place an undue emphasis on nuclear strategy, missile defense, and space weaponization and do not capture the main purpose of space warfare...