.... There are several potential models for the nature of this regulation. We may have a system that regulates around a so-called set point (SP) or adipostat [ 6 , 7 ]. Alternatively, we may have a system that prevents us from having too much or too little, but is relatively insensitive to changes across a wide range...

... was found to be associated with increased set point viral load (VL), and significant differences in RCs among 13 different HIV-1 subtypes were discerned. Notably, we observed an increase in RCs for primary HIV-1 isolates of HIV-1 subtype B over a 17-year period. Associations were not observed between RC...

... the original work is properly cited. Abstract Set-point viral load (SPVL), a common measure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 virulence, is partially determined by viral genotype. Epidemiological evidence suggests that this viral property has been under stabilising selection, with a typical optimum...

... to the regulation of directional auxin transport. Finally, we discuss the contribution of gravity signalling factors to the mechanisms that control the gravitropic set-point angle. We review recent advances in our knowledge of the sequential processes of gravity sensing and gravity signalling that occur in plant...

... [email protected] Abstract HIV viral load (VL) predicts both transmission potential and rate of disease progression. For reasons that are still not fully understood, the set point viral load (SPVL) established after acute infection varies across individuals and populations. Previous studies have suggested...

... to photosynthetic signals. Branch orientation gravitropic set point angle IGT gene family LAZY1 plant architecture photosynthesis inhibitors Studies to determine the endogenous genetic components underlying lateral organ orientation identified loci associated with narrow angles in rice, maize...

... has not been appreciated until now. By cross-validating the POUMM estimates with ANOVA on closest phylogenetic pairs, we obtain H² ≈ 0.2, meaning ∼20% of the variation in HIV-virulence is explained by the virus genome both for European and African data. HIV set-point viral load...

...Rudolf Hoermann; Ada S. Cheung; Michele Milne; Mathis Grossmann We found a profound rise in TSH in the absence of hypothyroidism in androgen-deprived men compared with control subjects, suggesting set-point adaptations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. TSH thyroid hormones set point...

[email protected] . body weight set point weight variability weight fluctuations weight gain REFERENCES 1. Keesey RE , Hirvonen MD . Body weight set-points: Determination and adjustment . J Nutr 1997 ; 127 : 1875S – 83S . 2. Chernyak Y , Lowe MR . Motivations for dieting...

... to calculate viral load set point. Ninety of 317 subjects met these criteria and were included in subsequent testing. The study was approved by the institutional review board, and informed consent was obtained for all subjects. The study was conducted in accordance with human experimentation guidelines...

... Progression Risk Factors Viral load Toll-like Receptors HIV-1 set-point HIV-1 acquisition Participants came from prospective HIV-1 serodiscordant heterosexual couple cohorts from sub-Saharan Africa: the Partners in Prevention HSV-2/HIV-1 and Couples Observational Studies. Both studies assessed HIV-1...

... heritability phylogenetic comparative analysis set-point viral load phylogenetic signal virulence HIV has a high mutation rate [ 1 , 2 ] and daily turnover [ 3 , 4 ] and therefore adapts rapidly under local selective pressure from the immune system [ 5 , 6 , 7 ] or antiretroviral drugs [ 8 , 9...

... of hyperparathyroidism (HPT). In control mice, aging induced a left‐shift in the Ca²⁺/parathyroid hormone (PTH) set point accompanied by increased PTG CaSR expression along with lowered serum Ca²⁺ and mildly increased PTH levels, suggesting adaptive responses of PTGs to aging‐induced changes...

... as expressed by temporal trends in CD4 lymphocyte cell counts, viral load (VL) set point, and time from seroconversion to AIDS or death. We used CASCADE (Concerted Action of Seroconversion to AIDS and Death in Europe) data, a collaboration of 28 seroconverter cohorts [ 15 ], pooled in September 2011 within...

.... The thermal quality of habitats was also evaluated using physical models of the snake. In addition, the species' set-point range (T_set) was estimated using a laboratory experiment. In July, thermal environments appear to be benign because snakes were able to maintain their body temperature...

...; vertical lines represent limits of set point range. 26 07 2006 02 11 2006 This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed. 2007 This is an Open Access article distributed under...

... antiretroviral therapy immunological set-point Following evidence that it is not possible to eradicate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the currently available treatments, ¹ and that prolonged administration of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is often associated with severe side...

.... These opposing observations can be explained by a neurodevelopmental hypothesis on set-point shifts at the level of the diencephalons/hypothalamus, either directly or from rebound effects. Such a mechanism reflects old evolutionary adaptation systems in lower and higher organisms to cope with periods of stress...

... Secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HPT) is character- function; parathyroid hormone; secondary hyper- ized by an abnormal threshold for suppression of parathyroidism; set point parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion by serum ionized Ca (ICa). It is therefore critical to examine the threshold of PTH...

... of the population on day 21 where ANOVA showed that there was a highly significant effect of light (P<0.001). 22 09 2001 2 08 2001 © Society for Experimental Biology 2002 Abstract A study has been made of the means by which light influences the gravitropic set‐point angle (GSA) of the nodes...