... institutions. science international law of science human right to science participatory public good collective rights institutional guarantee This article identifies and specifies the institutional guarantee of Article 15(1)(b) of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights...

... conservation schemes. collective argi-environmental schemes threshold public good conditional subsidy European hamster To counter the negative effects of agricultural intensification on the environment in Europe, in 1992, the common agricultural policy (CAP) introduced agri-environmental schemes (AESs...

... of the stabilisation mechanisms for cooperation reduce the cost of producing the public good via regulatory mechanisms that limit the conditions under which the public good is produced. These adaptations of course enhance the fitness of public good producers in general, but they also limit the relative fitness benefit...

... discourse for genome editing and human health in the UK, attending to the articulation of public goods and their beneficiary publics. Focusing on promissory reasoning about an emerging technology field as anticipatory and ethical considerations as integral to such debates, the notion of ethical regime...

... in climate mitigation by the collective, the less costly for each party. Using the lab to capture Conference of the Parties declining-cost environment with a jigsaw puzzle to mimic real-time costs, we find decreasing ‘cost’ of commitment increases contribution but not reaching the public good threshold...

... with European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation 2021. 2021 This work is written in part by a US Government employee and is in the public domain in the US. Abstract Using a threshold public good experiment, we examine how varying degrees of inequality in resources and differences...

... in bacteria and identify the conditions under which it can be adaptive. We modelled interactions between cooperators, producing a beneficial public good, cheaters, exploiting the public good without contributing to it, and public good‐producing policers that secrete a toxin to selectively target cheaters. We...

... on their ecology and evolution, which are missed in the typical public goods model. With privatization, strains that face a lot of competition from other genotypes evolve to increase their investment in siderophores (Fig. (2) ), rather than the decrease expected from a public good. The effects of privatization...

...Felix J. Bierbrauer; Martin F. Hellwig The modern theory of public good provision focusses on the incentives that individuals have to reveal their preferences for public goods. The key question is how to calibrate people's payments to their expressions of preferences so that they have no wish...

... to organism's fitness directly (blue) or modifies the amount of the public good secreted (orange). (B) Gaussians used to describe the best possible phenotype, the target phenotype, colored by the location on the phenotypic axis. (C) Organism's phenotype, the jagged black line, which is the sum of triangles from...

.... Viewed through this lens, the microbial world is replete with cooperative behaviors. However, little attention has been paid to alternate hypotheses, making many studies self-confirming. Somewhat apart is a recent analysis of pyoverdin production—a paradigmatic public good and social trait...

... partners. Here, we formulate a dynamic computational model that accurately predicted how tie formation, driven by the interaction history, influences decisions to contribute in a public good game. We used model-driven functional MRI to test the hypothesis that brain regions key to social interactions keep...

...Adam White It is first necessary to set down an organizing perspective for understanding the blurring of public good and market rationalities within those public–private partnerships located in the policing sector. A useful point of departure is White and Gill’s (2013) recent contribution...

..., a significant association was found between the voluntary contribution in a public good game (PGG) and the polymorphism of the monoamine oxidase A gene, suggesting that it is partly genetically determined (Mertins et al., 2011 ). It is therefore likely that the contributions in a PGG and other...

...Jordi van Gestel; Franz J Weissing; Oscar P Kuipers; Ákos T Kovács The question of how cooperation (for example, the costly production of a public good) can evolve in a situation where non-cooperative individuals can reap the benefits without contributing to the costs of cooperation has received...

...-tokyo.ac.jp 12 12 2013 13 12 2013 © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com 2014 cross-boundary cancer studies the University of Tokyo international public good strategic diplomacy smart power The fifth...

.... For instance, many virulence-related bacterial exoproducts are also public goods (PGs) [ 5 ]. Under PG-quenching therapy, any mutations allowing PGs to build up again should benefit both resistant and susceptible individuals alike, which would hinder...

... profession, to use statistics in the public interest and to champion statistical education. The Royal Statistical Society has a vital role to play. Chartered Statistician Citizenship Economic growth Evidence ‘getstats’ Justice Open data Public good The state Wise choices John Pullinger Dictionaries...

... for download (for Netlogo program see http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/ , and for code of the simulation model see Dryad repository: doi:10.5061/dryad.jg081). We composed an N-person evolutionary game theoretical model based on the standard public goods game in the experimental economics...

... of that same personal information. They are also illustrative of some of the legal and ethical considerations that should be taken into account in the development and use of data management structures that may produce significant public goods. Abstract Objective To provide a legal and ethical analysis...