... extensive intracerebral involvement, ³ suggesting a distinct pathophysiological mechanism between pPVL and fPVL. However, the specific effects of early ischaemic–hypoxic injury are poorly understood. Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) is a leading cause of cerebral palsy (CP), accounting for 40...

... see reference # 25 (Archie J. et al.). Figure 2. Case #1. (A) Fused deep gray nuclei with aberrant midline crossing white matter situated below a remnant of the third ventricle. Long arrow marks a focus of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)-like damage in this aberrant white matter. The short arrow...

... and is implicated in over a third of all cases of cerebral palsy. ¹ Although the incidence of severe cystic white matter injury (WMI) also known as cystic periventricular leukomalacia is gradually falling, ² it remains strongly associated with severe disabilities such as cerebral palsy...

... that substantial white matter protection may be possible with very delayed interventions. Graphical Abstract hypoxia-ischaemia preterm periventricular leukomalacia tertiary injury cystic white matter injury Preterm infants have very high rates of neurodevelopmental disability, including over one-third of all...

... Periventricular leukomalacia Post-hemorrhagic ventricular dilation The preterm infant’s brain is at greater risk of hypoxic, hemorrhagic, or inflammatory injury than the term infant’s brain. Intracranial hemorrhage and white matter insult are the two most significant brain injuries that can affect the preterm...

... understanding of the neuroimmune axis during perinatal CNS disease states that may contribute to long-term functional disability. oligodendrocyte progenitors myelination CD4 T cells periventricular leukomalacia motor function Perot Family Center for Brain Children’s Medical Center Dallas L.R...

... protein expression of 6 NMDAR subunits in postmortem human brains without injury from 20 postconceptional weeks through adulthood and in cases of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). We hypothesized that the developing brain is intrinsically vulnerable to excitotoxicity via maturation-specific NMDAR levels...

.... axons blood vessels encephalopathy of prematurity periventricular leukomalacia radial glial fibers vimentin The hallmark of the developing human fetal telencephalon is its radial organization perpendicular to the pial surface. This organization is defined by the linear direction (like “rays/radia...

...Catherine Verney; Ivana Pogledic; Valérie Biran; Homa Adle-Biassette; Catherine Fallet-Bianco; Pierre Gressens Gliosis Immunohistochemistry Ionized calcium bindingadaptor molecule 1 Monocarboxylate transporter 1 Periventricular crossroads Periventricular leukomalacia Preoligodendrocyte...

... Doublecortin GAD65/67 Neuronal migration Periventricular leukomalacia The microcircuitry of the cerebral cortex depends on precise interrelationships between inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) granular neurons and excitatory (glutamatergic) pyramidal neurons in columnar modules with region-specific...

... system vulnerability and provide a model for studying the pathophysiology of cerebral damage in preterm infants and, specifically, the interplay between brain inflammation and excitotoxicity. Brain development Cerebral palsy Excitotoxicity Ibotenate Lipopolysaccharide Periventricular leukomalacia...

.../reperfusion injury Microglial activation Myelination Oligodendrocyte Periventricular leukomalacia Prematurity Despite substantial improvements in neonatal intensive care, approximately 15% of very premature infants who survive the neonatal period later exhibit the motor deficits characterizing cerebral...

... useful insights of relevance to the human preterm infant. Cerebral hemorrhage Gyral development Myelination Periventricular leukomalacia Ventriculomegaly In contrast to these previous animal models, this study focuses on the first non-human primate study of cerebral injury associated with premature...

... that appear in Table 1 . In the present study group, 15.9% were small for gestational age, 25.6% had had maternal steroids and 13.4% were asphyxiated. FSIQ = full-scale IQ MPRAGE = magnetization-prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo PIQ = performance IQ PVL = periventricular leukomalacia SPM...

... is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), which refers to focal necrosis in deep white matter (WM) in the cerebral hemispheres associated with WM gliosis, occurring in the setting of lung immaturity, blood pressure lability, and impaired cerebrovascular autoregulation, which leads in turn to cerebral ischemia...

..., the presence of a point‐light walking figure embedded in a moving mask was judged. The participants differed in their locomotion ability, ranging from normal to a complete walking disability exhibiting signs of leg‐dominated bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BS‐CP) caused by periventricular leukomalacia (PVL...

.... prematurity periventricular leukomalacia postural control EMG neurological development HAM = hamstring muscles NE = neck extensor muscles NF = neck flexor muscles PWM = periventricular white matter RA = rectus abdominis muscle RF = rectus femoris muscle TE/LE = thoracic and lumbar extensor muscles...

... converged at different zones in the deep white matter, becoming large to form a large converging zone, and finally drained into a subependymal vein. A fan-shaped draining area of the converging group of veins corresponded well to the area of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) with edema and hemorrhage...

... established, the habit of finding someone to blame for cerebral palsy remained frequent. birth asphyxia cerebral palsy history Little’s disease periventricular leukomalacia Hephaistos God Hippocratian Corpus Luther M Mauriceau F Plato Soranus of Ephesus Wolffhart Lycosthenes C Babylonia Niniveh...

... intrauterine and postnatal life creating potential temporal periods of selective vulnerability to damage. Understanding the compensatory plasticity process after the brain injury may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of CP. cerebral palsy periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) infection hypoxic...