...This chapter describes the events of 1868. These include the constitutional conventions with whites continuing to hold an outright majority; the impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson; and the growth of organizations to enforce white supremacy throughout the Deep South, particularly the Ku...

...Andrew Johnson is generally regarded as one of America's worst Presidents. His major legislative initiatives were defeated and his vetoes overridden. He was a pariah within his own party. Even his own cabinet opposed many of his most important policies. He was impeached and nearly convicted. Yet...

...This chapter discusses the series of Reconstruction Acts passed by Congress in March of 1867, prompted by former Confederate soldiers parading through the streets, the southern press's tirade against Reconstruction policies, southern whites' treatment of freedmen, and President Andrew Johnson's...

...Reconstruction occurred on a blank constitutional slate. President Andrew Johnson’s rigid character and outdated values adversely affected the nation’s approach to it. After following Abraham Lincoln’s early policy, he formed his own constitutional approach to Reconstruction before Congress...

...This chapter discusses the heavily Republican Thirty-ninth Congress's vote to override Andrew Johnson's veto of the Civil Rights Bill. In doing so, the legislators signaled their growing determination to resist Johnson's efforts to forge a rapid reunion with the former Confederacy in which...

...This chapter considers issues relating to possessions at the end of the Civil War. After the Civil War, former slaves and Northerners both expected some redistribution of the defeated rebels property. By the end of 1865, however, the amnesty and pardon policies of President Andrew Johnson had...

... presidency House of Representatives and elections plural executive debate Senate and appointments Council on Environmental Quality Dickinson John term limits for congressional presidency Clinton George New York Clinton Bill and balanced budget impeachment of Andrew Johnson Rehnquist William H...

... and congressional presidency Bush George W cabinet posts Committee of Detail on appointments Committee on Postponed Matters on appointments impeachment of Andrew Johnson term length for congressional presidency term limits for congressional presidency treasurer Virginia Plan and appointments war...

...This chapter examines Edwin M. Stanton's surreptitious moves that it seems undermined Andrew Johnson's presidency. It begins by discussing the New Orleans riot and its impact on Johnson's administration and how the president's obstinacy alienated him from a solid majority in Congress...

... of West Virginia USA Kentucky Libby Prison Maryland Missouri Stevenson John D vigilance committees Boreman Arthur Pardon Amnesty proclamation Treason President Andrew Johnson Prisoners of war Robert E. Lee John C. Underwood Ulysses S. Grant Indictments At the end of May 1865, Andrew...

...The Confiscation Acts did not accomplish their goals, but they were still important measures that represented many Northerners' concerns about how the war should be prosecuted and applied pressure on President Lincoln to expand the Union's objectives. By the time Andrew Johnson became president...

... Barton Schuyler Colfax Andrew Johnson Reconstruction Republican Party Roger Brooke Taney The Radical Republicans arrived in Washington for the opening of Congress on December 4, 1865, with two major weapons at their disposal. One was the party caucus, especially in the Senate, where, Minnesota...

...This chapter examines how victory for the Union could bring loss for the residents of the refugee camps. The army’s gradual demobilization meant the loss of employment and the loss of wages for many of them, as well as the loss of physical protection. President Andrew Johnson’s decision to return...

... that Presidential Reconstruction made little headway not only because of President Andrew Johnson’s intransigence and leniency toward former Confederates, but also because loyalty to church, tradition, and locality precipitated a crisis amongst white southerners. One could not be both loyal to the nation and loyal...

.... It elaborates on the conflict between the Republican Congress and President Andrew Johnson that revolved around the Radical Reconstruction. American Missionary Association Black freedom struggle Emancipation Proclamation Galloway Abraham Lincoln Abraham Petty Sarah sexual assault violation slaves slavery...

... Tenure of Office Act of 1867 Alaska Democratic Party election of 1867 France Great Britain Greece Italy Napoleon III emperor of France Russia Wade Benjamin election of 1868 moiety system Public Credit Act 1869 Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Reconstruction Hugh McCulloch greenback Henry...

...This chapter examines Andrew Johnson’s Inaugural Address upon assuming the office of president of the United States. It explains that the speech was delivered when Vice President Andrew Johnson took over the presidential office after Abraham Lincoln was shot the night before. Regardless of how...

...This chapter analyzes the Second Inaugural Address of Ulysses S. Grant, who was simultaneously the commanding general of the Union Army and the president of the United States. After Abraham Lincoln’s assassination and Andrew Johnson’s impeachment, Grant was the only American for nearly a century...

...The epilogue presents soldiers' reactions to Lincoln's assassination before discussing veterans' political activity in the immediate postwar period. For men who had come to predicate loyalty on obedience to the sitting administration, Andrew Johnson's rise to the presidency frustrated many...

...This chapter presents Andrew Johnson’s Inaugural Address upon assuming the office of president of the United States. It mentions the notion of rebellion that must be regarded as a guarantee of the future. The speech includes Johnson’s determination to establish and perpetuate the principles of free...