... conception accommodates and explains the common intuition that the acts can be constitutionally distinguished. While both were responses to threats specified through a Cold War security order, the identification and management of threat in Kennedy's case was more deeply connected to the terms of that order...

...This chapter traces the contours of France's nuclear postures over time. During the Cold War and after, France adopted an asymmetric escalation posture—though for very different reasons in the two periods. During the Cold War, France's geopolitical position and its fear of American abandonment...

... “global spiritual health” during the early Cold War. Albania communism foreign policy religion as basis for government sponsored religious outreach US Obama Barack Office of International Religious Freedom State Department Office of Religion and Global Affairs formerly Office of Faith Based...

...This chapter analyzes the end of the Cold War and external involvement in Afghanistan. On the Soviet side, the December 1979 invasion was preceded by six months of covert involvement in counterinsurgency military operations. The chapter reviews evidence on the motives for covertness...

... that were publicly understood to have avoided such entanglements. The chapter then presents a brief case study of a post-Cold War conflict: the Iranian covert weapons supply program during the U.S. occupation of Iraq (2003–2011). The U.S. occupation of Iraq and the Iranian covert intervention that followed...

..., the chapter highlights how the discursive and the material mattered for Japanese American, Chinese American, and ultimately Asian American identity formation from World War II through the “Cold War civil rights” years. assimilation African Americans and lack of Chu J Chuan education employment Hayakawa S...

... in the global history of modernism during the early Cold War. It focuses on the antagonistic nature of intellectual exchanges during the period, particularly as seen in literary magazines and journals of opinion. If, as Robert Scholes and others have argued for the European case, “modernism begins...

...This book examines the alliance dynamics of Cold War East Asia during the period 1949–1969, arguing that disunity, lack of coordination, and intra-alliance rivalry increased both the chance that regional conflicts would occur and the likelihood that existing conflicts would persist and escalate...

...This chapter examines how problems and politics in the nascent alliances and alignments in both the communist and anticommunist camps affected security relations between the two camps in the first years of the Cold War. It shows how the uncertain and poorly defined nature of U.S. commitment to its...

... for a breathing spell in the Cold War. Fujian province Mao Zedong Southeast Asia Treaty Organization SEATO UN United Nations U S ROC Taiwan defense relationship Kim Il sung Korean War Peng Dehuai People’s Liberation Army PLA Sino Soviet alliance Democratic People’s Republic of Korea DPRK Gromyko...

...This chapter examines how, in the post-Cold War era, the United States' alignment with Taiwan and alliance with Japan again have figured prominently among issues affecting U.S.-China security relations. While they are far from being allies, the United States and the People's Republic of China (PRC...

... conflicts from escalating, and to negotiate the end to those conflicts promptly. Focusing on relations between the Communist and anti-Communist alliances in Asia during the Cold War, the book explores how internal divisions and lack of cohesion in the two alliances complicated and undercut coercive...

... provide the crucial votes necessary for civil rights legislation if the territory were made a state. Statehood advocates at first claimed Hawaiʻi should be granted statehood because of its similarity to the mainland. By the end of the statehood debates, however—as Asia grew in importance in U.S. Cold War...

...This chapter analyzes how the empire trap continued to drive policy in the context of the worldwide contest with the Soviet Union. The Cold War had two opposing effects on the empire trap. On one hand, it raised the strategic cost of intervention. American pressure on a foreign government...

...This chapter examines how American pressure obtained fair compensation for the vast majority of natural resource investors. There was one other difference between the Cold War-era empire and its pre-Depression predecessor: in the second empire, the United States essentially gave up trying...

...This chapter considers the relative causal importance of economic interdependence and changes in commercial expectations which led to the ups and downs of Cold War history. It seeks to rectify the lacuna in the international relations field by showing the truly powerful impact of commercial factors...

...This chapter considers how the concept of national security evolved. It demonstrates that U.S. military officers and their civilian leaders did not think that the Kremlin was poised to engage in premeditated military aggression during the Cold War. They did not think Soviet dictator Joseph Stalin...

...This chapter charts a middle road between traditional and revisionist scholars on the Cold War and highlights how ambiguities and uncertainties influenced the behavior of both Washington and Moscow. It reveals that the Yalta agreements were vague, purposefully so, because Joseph Stalin, Franklin D...

...This concluding chapter reveals that, despite a proliferation of cross-border human mobility in the post-Cold War era that largely stems from tourism and trade (and is not to be confused with immigration) there continues to be a considerable indifference and prejudice on both sides. Even today...

...This book reveals the origins of two dramatic events: Germany's post-World War II transformation from a racist dictatorship to a liberal democracy, and the ideological genesis of the Cold War. The book shows that the foundations of Germany's reconstruction lay in the country's first democratic...