
Contents
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The Modular Ottoman Empire: Muslim Princely Regions The Modular Ottoman Empire: Muslim Princely Regions
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A Counter-Ottoman Empire? The Arab Caliphate A Counter-Ottoman Empire? The Arab Caliphate
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Ethnicity and the Caliphate Ethnicity and the Caliphate
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A Khedivial Caliph? The Egyptian Connection A Khedivial Caliph? The Egyptian Connection
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The Caliphate as a Muslim Federation The Caliphate as a Muslim Federation
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Dualism and Decentralization: An Administrative Ottoman Federation? Dualism and Decentralization: An Administrative Ottoman Federation?
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The Emergence of the Dualist Utopia The Emergence of the Dualist Utopia
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Decentralization: Ottoman Dualism as an Ethnicity-Based Idea, 1908–1914 Decentralization: Ottoman Dualism as an Ethnicity-Based Idea, 1908–1914
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The 1913 Law of Provinces: Representation Without Ethnic Autonomy The 1913 Law of Provinces: Representation Without Ethnic Autonomy
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Activists Assemble: A Sharifian Commonwealth as Arab Kingdom? Activists Assemble: A Sharifian Commonwealth as Arab Kingdom?
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The Arab Kingdom The Arab Kingdom
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Conclusion: Pre-War Utopias in Post-War Contexts Conclusion: Pre-War Utopias in Post-War Contexts
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Five Utopian Federalism: Post-Ottoman Empires
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Published:August 2023
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the phenomenon of “utopian federalism,” which in the 1900s envisioned means for changing the Ottoman Empire into a composite polity, possibly as a Muslim association of sharifian monarchies. Imperial utopias figure prominently in the politics of “Muslim princely regions,” which is to say communities ruled by Muslim Ottoman patricians whose authority derived from descent, violence, and sultanic appointment. The chapter then looks at how the Ottoman government was faced with an upsurge of utopian thinking in Arabic that envisioned Islam as the constitutional principle behind a new composite project that, some thought, should entail the establishment of a non-Ottoman Arab caliph. Advocates of the Arab caliphate believed in a universal Muslim umma, where membership would be open to anyone who accepted the truth of divine revelation, but where at the same time there was an ethnic distinction between Arabs who were potentially eligible for the caliphal office and non-Arabs who were not. The chapter also assesses how dualist plans and administrative decentralization became the two predominant schemes for constitutional reform in the complex period between 1908 and 1914. Finally, it considers the Provisional Law of Provinces, which redefined the Ottoman provincial bureaucracy, before examining the establishment of a centralized Arab kingdom.
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