... universalism within large parts of the Global South, exemplified by the development of both Conditional Cash Transfer programmes and of universal categorical social pensions. Next, it points to the debate about how to extend social security coverage globally which became polarized between different ideas...

... the direction of policy concerning social security (in its sense as a ‘condition’) and the reality of the labour market. delivery discretion Griffiths James National Assistance Act 1948 National Assistance Board NAB United Kingdom food banks Call the Midwife caring counting Lipsky Michael street...

...This chapter reviews New Labour's social security and welfare reform policies. Blair achieved a ‘paradigm shift’ by putting ‘poverty’ back on the policy agenda. His pledge to eradicate child poverty was a major turning point in welfare reform, although the failure to achieve even the interim...

... relationship. social security coverage definition eligibility definition entitlement definition Italy mobility allowance Sacchi S short time work STW schemes in Italy unemployment benefits apprenticeships Ordinary Unemployment Benefit OUB part time work Reduced Eligibility Unemployment Benefit RUB...

... wellbeing for all. That system, underpinned by individual rights, has sparked arguments regarding the relation between rights and public welfare, freedom and democracy. The constitutional idea of Japan's social security and welfare system embodies the concept of ‘liberal equality’, but also steps...

... coincided with a reduction in ideological polarisation on matters such as tax, political and social security reform. coalitional presidentialism Constitution 1988 Constitutional Review Amendments ECRs political parties and system Brazilian Democratic Movement Party PMDB Brazilian Social Democratic...

...This chapter examines why public policies (especially social security policies) in Japan has long been fragmented and inconsistent. There must be many various reasons, but the chapter focuses on the absence of value analysis of public policy. In Japan, most policies have been created as a result...

...The post-2015 period largely continued the social security policies introduced by the Coalition Government 2010–15, prioritising support for older people over working-age individuals. Key policies included the further implementation of Universal Credit, benefit level freezes (and new caps...

...This book explores the extent of Chinese people's well-being, based on the development of five key policy areas: social security, labour, health, education and housing. The issues that are central to a better understanding of Chinese social policy are addressed. In China, a person's life chances...

... making, and the key government departments responsible for making Chinese social policy such as the Ministry of Labour and Social Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Construction. During the formulation of the Labour Contract Law...

...This chapter explains the welfare functions of communes and work units before China's economic reforms. It also describes the new social security measures which came about after 1978 such as old age pensions in cities and the countryside, the Minimum Standard of Living Scheme, and the Five...

...This chapter studies immigration to Finland using two different angles. The first is from the point of view of the social-security system, while the second is from the point of view of labour-market integration. The chapter provides a summary of immigrant access to social security and discusses...

... security in the developing world. The chapter also argues that to ensure the long-term development of social insurance it must be transparent, economically affordable, and politically acceptable. ageing population demography economy globalisation population ageing social insecurity social security...

...This chapter applies the macro-sociological factor analysis to social security, which is based on external and internal factors that are relevant to the development and start of social security. These internal factors belong to the internal environment of society, and include political, demographic...

...This chapter looks at adapting social security to a new societal environment. It begins with a study of the impact of economic crises on social security institutions using an historical perspective, followed by a discussion of the initial impact of the current economic crisis. It examines...

...Prior to the onset of the recent financial crisis, global trends of social security in industrialised societies were indicating a progressive disengagement of the State in favour of tax-financed measures similar to social assistance, which may fail to ensure a basic standard of living. In this book...

...Although the United States economy rebounded relatively quickly from the global recession, older workers wanting or needing to work longer confront similar limitations to those in other countries. The critical role of Social Security for shaping patterns of later life work is considered, alongside...

... as well as new threats for social security. It may lead to increasing polarisation between the weak and the strong, but this is not inevitable. It is a new battlefield that cannot be evaluated mechanically using the institutional criteria of the past. citizenship welfare state Garrett G Gilbert N...

... and social security systems. The historical background explains why childcare has been a major issue on the political agenda in France. France also provides a good example of the development of rights for parents to give care. Gender equity is being promoted, not only within the family but also in employment...

... social security benefits subsistence levels unemployment expenditure means testing social protection schemes conditionality solidarity income societal legitimacy social-protection systems Czech Republic citizen support Netherlands social security The problem of reconciling the demands...