Volume 7, Issue 5, May 2020

Indications for immunotherapy using CAR T-cells for malignancies are expanding rapidly. Here we describe the incidence of and risk factors for infections in children, adolescents and young adults receiving CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for ALL. These data may inform prophylactic and monitoring strategies in this high-risk population.

We enrolled 783 patients in a prospective, observational binational study of peri-prosthetic joint infection. Late, acute infections were the commonest mode of presentation. Microbiological causes differed according to affected joint and the timing of the infection. Management approaches were heterogeneous.

In this prospective study involving adults hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, adherence to treatment guidelines was independently associated with shorter hospitalization and improved survival. Our findings provided evidence for atypical pathogen coverage with doxycycline, which was less evaluated in other cohorts.

In adults 65 and older, higher frailty was associated with greater antibody titre rise following seasonal influenza vaccination. This was mainly observed in those randomized to high dose vs. standard dose vaccine and suggests frailty may provide an auto-adjuvant effect.

Between 2014 and 2017, inpatient fluoroquinolone—particularly ciprofloxacin—prescribing declined in US Veterans Affairs hospitals. In contrast, fluoroquinolone prescribing at discharge has been relatively stable with small increases in levofloxacin prescribing at discharge.

Fever of unknown origin subgroups and etiologic classifications have remained unchanged since 1991; however, the spectrum of diseases, clinical approach to diagnosis and management are changing. This review considers how newer data should influence both definitions and lingering dogmatic principles.

From October to December 2018, periodic bioaerosol sampling was conducted at a live bird market in Kunshan, China. Sixty-six (55%) of 120 samples had molecular evidence of avian influenza viruses. Four yielded live H9N2 virus after egg culture.

Cefiderocol is a novel catechol siderophore cephalosporin developed to treat resistant gram-negative infections. We report its successful use in conjunction with surgical debridement to treat osteomyelitis due to extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Bacterial genome sequencing revealed the determinants of resistance.

This article addresses the immediate and long-term effects of direct-acting antiviral-mediated HCV clearance on the HIV reservoir dynamics and immune function, in a cohort of HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals under antiretroviral treatment.

In this population-based study, 10% of endocarditis were due to microorganisms other than staphylococci, streptococci, and enterococci. These included anaerobes, yeasts, or Gram-negative bacilli, with an increased risk in patients with heart disease, prosthetic valve, prolonged fever, and nosocomial endocarditis.