... process classifier (GPC), it obtains a classification methodology that is simultaneously discriminative, semi-supervised, and Bayesian. The approach incorporates the cluster assumption without explicitly modeling the data density and without requiring specialized kernels. GPCs aim to predict the posterior...

... Rational choice crime as Reagan Ronald Superpredators Rehabilitation Pichler Stefan Priks Mikael Römer Daniel Immigration Organized crime Schelling Thomas Buonanno Paolo Gerais Minas Mastrobuoni Giovanni Pinotti Paulo Soares Rodrigo Viveiros Igor Crime Economics Methodology History...

... a collaborative construction of new physical states, levels of conscious awareness, and even ethics. We reencounter ourselves and others through our interactive computer systems. What we need now are conceptual and methodological frameworks to reflect this. The book offers a reworking of the phenomenology...

...This book is devoted to a critical evaluation of a project of philosophical methodology and analysis known colloquially as the “Canberra Plan.” The original driving forces behind the project were David Lewis and Frank Jackson, and the many people who were associated with the Philosophy Program...

...This chapter finds that computational science has evolved into a more scientific methodology. Computer science professionals are developing software tools and applications to develop a cyberinfrastructure necessary for carrying out scientific research in collaboration with the global research...

... stimulus and response as a result of observation conditions. In the twentieth century, the view that the normal human color-vision system has a standard implementation and that all perceptual data are appropriately treated with normal statistical distribution methodology became the standard paradigm...

... sciences Complexity Concepts Conceptual vocabularies Ethical regulative framework Ethics Induction Methodological norms Models Morality Moral psychologists Natural selection Normative behavior Norms Philosophical ethics Psychological representations Realization Structural content Unified...

...This chapter discusses empirical methodology, focusing on attenuation bias induced by measurement error or data fluctuation and solutions to the biased and inconsistent empirical estimates of the autoregression model. It shows that the identification problem arises in large part due to the non...

...This chapter seeks to reconnect the ways in which research questions (i.e., methodologies) are approached with the ways in which such questions might be framed, articulated, and addressed (i.e., theory). It explores a broader view of methodology and theory, using ethnography and its relationships...

...This chapter examines issues relating to empirical methodology and hypothesis testing. Because data on parents, children, and siblings are observational, hypotheses testing has proved difficult. This problem stems from the absence of data on genotypes, suggesting the non-observability of ability...

... it earns when those predictions are correct. The need for detailed tests involving map comparisons has led to the development of new techniques like fuzzy kappa and measures based on polygons and wavelet analysis, while the methodological problems are driving the emergence of a new philosophy of science...

... , the philosophy of language , and linguistics , Against facts examines the main arguments in favor of and against facts of the two major sorts, distinguished as compositional and propositional, giving special attention to methodological presuppositions...

... in “The Social Brain” address subjects from genes to neurons to social conversations and networks; the topics explored in “Mind Matters” include evolutionary biology, methodology, and ethics....

...The conclusion draws together the different aspects of the book. It then elaborates on three further aspects of the overall upshots of the book: their differences to existing work on the topic, their methodological foundations, and their implications for the nature of representational decision...

... it. Next, four prominent theories of scientific method are outlined and provisionally assessed. The chapter then moves to a consideration of the nature of scientific methodology before providing a selective overview of the key elements of the philosophy of scientific realism. Finally, a brief overview...