Scientific Collaboration on the Internet
Scientific Collaboration on the Internet
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Abstract
Modern science is increasingly collaborative, as signaled by rising numbers of coauthored papers, papers with international coauthors, and multi-investigator grants. Historically, scientific collaborations were carried out by scientists in the same physical location—the Manhattan Project of the 1940s, for example, involved thousands of scientists gathered on a remote plateau in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Today, information and communication technologies allow cooperation among scientists from far-flung institutions and different disciplines. This book provides views of how new technology is enabling novel kinds of science and engineering collaboration. It offers commentary from experts in the field along with case studies of large-scale collaborative projects, past and ongoing. The projects described range from the development of a national virtual observatory for astronomical research to a National Institutes of Health funding program for major multi-laboratory medical research; from the deployment of a cyberinfrastructure to connect experts in earthquake engineering to partnerships between developed and developing countries in AIDS research. The chapter authors speak frankly about the problems these projects encountered as well as the successes they achieved. The book strikes a balance between presenting real stories of collaborations and developing a scientific approach to conceiving, designing, implementing, and evaluating such projects. It points to a future of scientific collaborations that build successfully on aspects from multiple disciplines.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
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I The Contemporary Collaboratory Vision
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II Perspectives on Distributed, Collaborative Science
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III Physical Sciences
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6
A National User Facility That Fits on Your Desk: The Evolution of Collaboratories at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
James D. Myers
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7
The National Virtual Observatory
Mark S. Ackerman and others
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8
High-Energy Physics: The Large Hadron Collider Collaborations
Erik C. Hofer and others
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9
The Upper Atmospheric Research Collaboratory and the Space Physics and Aeronomy Research Collaboratory
Gary M. Olson and others
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10
Evaluation of a Scientific Collaboratory System: Investigating Utility before Deployment
Diane H. Sonnenwald and others
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6
A National User Facility That Fits on Your Desk: The Evolution of Collaboratories at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
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IV Biological and Health Sciences
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11
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences Glue Grant Program
Michael E. Rogers andJames Onken
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12
The Biomedical Informatics Research Network
Judith S. Olson and others
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13
Three Distributed Biomedical Research Centers
Stephanie D. Teasley and others
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14
Motivation to Contribute to Collaboratories: A Public Goods Approach
Nathan Bos
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11
The National Institute of General Medical Sciences Glue Grant Program
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V Earth and Environmental Sciences
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15
Ecology Transformed: The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and the Changing Patterns of Ecological Research
Edward J. Hackett and others
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16
The Evolution of Collaboration in Ecology: Lessons from the U.S. Long-Term Ecological Research Program
William K. Michener andRobert B. Waide
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17
Organizing for Multidisciplinary Collaboration: The Case of the Geosciences Network
David Ribes andGeoffrey C. Bowker
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18
NEESgrid: Lessons Learned for Future Cyberinfrastructure Development
B. F. Spencer Jr. and others
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15
Ecology Transformed: The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and the Changing Patterns of Ecological Research
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VI The Developing World
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Conclusion Final Thoughts: Is There a Science of Collaboratories?
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End Matter
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