Levinger, Tussia-Cohen, and co-authors (https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msaf017), utilized comparative spatial and single-cell transcriptomics of key human, mouse and Egyptian fruit bat tissues to gain insights into the evolution of the bat immune system. They found both transcriptionally conserved and divergent innate immune pathways in bats, pointing to potential mechanisms in which bats have evolved to resist pathogens. Photo by Yuval Barkai (An Egyptian fruit bat, Israel).