Volume 205, Issue 11, December 2020

CRISPR/dCas9–based transcriptional activation of Foxp3 promotes CNS2 demethylation.

Sustaining Foxp3-transcriptional activation in iTregs promotes CNS2 demethylation.

CRISPR inhibition of Foxp3 transcription abolishes CNS2 demethylation in iTregs.

Rapid reductions in oxygen tension triggered the degranulation of mast cells.

Oxygen-induced activation of mast cells was mediated via TRPA1 channels.

Rapid reductions in oxygen tension induced anaphylactic shock.

IL-7Rα^low EM CD8⁺ T cells are anergy-like cells in vivo.

IL-7Rα^low EM CD8⁺ T cells are defective in aerobic glycolysis.

Seletalisib, a PI3Kδ inhibitor, was evaluated in seven patients with APDS1 and APDS2.

Following treatment, patients had improvements in clinical and immunological features.

Seletalisib had a favorable risk–benefit profile in a phase 1b study up to 96 wk.

CytVs tether with lysosomes in T cells.

Lysosome-tethered CytVs are preferentially transported to their desired destination.

Lysosome tethering can mediate directionally distinctive CytV transport.

Hv1 is recruited to early endosomes of pDCs following their activation with CpG ODN.

In pDCs, Hv1 promotes endosomal acidification and controls excessive ROS production.

Proton delivery into endosomes by Hv1 is required for TLR9 and IFN-I responses.

AMPK dampens mTORC1 activity and the synthesis of Ab in plasma cells.

AMPK promotes mitochondrial homeostasis in B lymphoblasts and memory B cells.

AMPK supports the persistence of the memory B cell population and humoral recall.

Intradermal BCG vaccination cannot protect cynomolgus macaques against pulmonary TB.

Extrapulmonary TB is strongly controlled in intradermal BCG–vaccinated monkeys.

IL-1α drives oviduct pathology during genital Chlamydia infection in mice.

IL-1α promotes neutrophil recruitment to the genital tract.

Infection increases IL-1α expression in genital tract epithelial cells.

Juvenile mice exhibit increased myeloid recruitment during RSV infection.

Recruitment and cell matrix factors were noted in juvenile, not adult, mice.

These mouse-based data are supported by findings from a human coculture system.

MDA5 is essential for maintaining host resistance against A. fumigatus.

MDA5 serves as a critical vitality sensor after fungal challenge.

MDA5 is essential for IFN-λ expression and antifungal neutrophil killing.

P. yoelii 265 BY liver stage triggers TLR3-dependent signaling pathways.

TLR3 KO mice better controlled liver and blood stage parasites growth.

TLR3 participates in early IFN-γ and delayed type I IFNs production.

ZIKV permissiveness of decidual cells is gestational age dependent.

ZIKV-infected DC supernatants enhance ZIKV infection of trophoblasts.

Tizoxanide inhibits ZIKV infection of both decidual and trophoblast cells.

ESAT-6 protein interacts with β2M, causing sequestration of HFE in ER.

Sequestration of HFE in ER causes downregulation of HFE:TFR1 on macrophage surface.

This increased holotransferrin-mediated iron uptake during M. tuberculosis infection.

Pregnancy results in recruitment of tolerogenic dendritic cells to the uterus.

Pregnancy results in lessened IL-12 responses to Zika virus infection.

Pregnant mice have fewer Ag-experienced T cells after Zika infection.

GAS infection in Il17d^−/− mice leads to greater bacterial burden in kidneys.

Viable, but not heat-killed, GAS induces Il17d in nonimmune cells.

A scavenger of reactive oxygen species inhibits Il17d induction in nonimmune cells.

SARS-CoV-2 protease (Mpro) stimulates a strong Ab response.

Detection of Mpro Abs in serum or saliva can provide a new diagnostic tool.

The imbalance between AT1R and AT2R could be involved in advancing RA progression.

AT2R activation supports an M2 phenotype in SMs that attenuates the course of CIA.

AT2R-caused cytoplasm GRK2/p-ERK1/2 coexpression can downregulate NF-κB activation.

We have inserted a FRed reporter cassette into the mouse Csf1r locus.

Expression of CSF1R-FRed is restricted to cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage.

CSF1R-FRed is absent from lineage-negative stem cell populations in bone marrow.

USP39 stabilizes STAT1 protein level.

USP39 as deubiquitinase can reduce the K6-linked ubiquitination of STAT1.

USP39 can sustain type I IFN–induced antiviral immunity.

Air pollutants induce miR-19a and miR-614 expression in the nasal epithelium.

Secreted exosomal miR-19a and miR-614 regulate RORα expression.

Downregulated RORα promotes proinflammatory M1 macrophage polarization.

Human IL-10 genetically fused to Chx exotoxin transcytosis domain (AMT-101).

AMT-101 was tested in human cell models in vitro and in rodents and nonhuman primates in vivo.

Oral dosing targeted intestinal lamina propria to suppress inflammation without systemic PK.

SPMs as adjuvants augment the efficacy of vaccination with NTHI P6 Ag in mice.

SPM-adjuvanted vaccination efficacy rescues SHS-suppressed antibacterial immunity.

Mice receiving SPM-adjuvanted vaccination rapidly clear acute infection with less lung damage.

Complement genes are associated with poor prognosis in kidney cancer.

Complement in plasma correlates with response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Complement contributes to dysfunction of tumor-infiltrating T cells.