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Tomonori Nochi, Yoshikazu Yuki, Hidenori Takagi, Lijun Yang, Takehiro Masumura, Mio Mejima, Ushio Nakanishi, Akiko Matsumura, Takachika Hiroi, Shigeto Morita, Kunisuke Tanaka, Fumio Takaiwa, Hiroshi Kiyono, Development of needle-free vaccine: rice-based oral vaccine induced protective immunity against cholera toxin (41.4), The Journal of Immunology, Volume 178, Issue 1_Supplement, April 2007, Page S30, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.Supp.41.4
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Abstract
Capable of inducing antigen-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments without the use of syringe and needle, mucosal vaccination is considered ideal for the global control of infectious diseases. In this study, we developed a rice-based oral vaccine expressing cholera toxin B subunit (CTB). An average of 30 μg of CTB per seed was stored in the protein body, a rice storage organelle. When orally fed, rice seeds expressing CTB were taken up by the M cells covering the Peyer′s patches (PPs), inducing toxin-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies with neutralizing activity. When expressed in rice, CTB was protected from pepsin digestion in vitro. Rice-expressed CTB also remained stable and thus maintained immunogenicity at room temperature for more than 1.5 years, meaning that antigen-specific mucosal immune responses were induced at much lower doses than were necessary with purified recombinant CTB. Because they would require neither needles nor refrigeration (cold-chain management), these rice-based oral vaccines offer a highly practical as well as cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those which may result from an act of bioterrorism.
