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Julie Marie Nauroth, Mary Van Elswyk, Ying Liu, Linda Arterburn, Anti-inflammatory activity of algal oils containing Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and omega-6 Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPAn-6) (101.5), The Journal of Immunology, Volume 178, Issue 1_Supplement, April 2007, Page S201, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.Supp.101.5
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Abstract
Background: Studies have shown anti-inflammatory activity associated with fish oil and ascribed this effect to the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids DHA and especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA).
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of DHA-rich algal oils which contain little or no EPA and determine the contribution of their individual constituent fatty acids, particularly DHA and DPAn-6.
Results: The effects of feeding DHA-rich Martek DHA-T™ algal oil and DHA/DPAn-6-rich Martek DHA-S™ algal oil on rat carrageenan-induced hind paw edema was examined. The S-oil was more effective at reducing edema than the T-oil, suggesting that DPAn-6 has anti-inflammatory properties. We next tested the in vitro effects of the individual pure fatty acids on reducing LPS-stimulated IL-1β and TNF-α secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The relative potency was DPAn-6 (most potent) > DHA > EPA. All three fatty acids were effective at reducing by >50% neutrophil fMLP-mediated migration in vitro. Further in vivo analyses demonstrated that feeding pure DHA and EPA ethyl esters (EE) reduced paw edema and the combination of DHA/DPAn6-EE which mimics algal oil was more potent than the combination of DHA/EPA-EE which mimics fish oil.
Conclusions: DHA, DPAn-6, and EPA have anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Algal S-oil containing the combination of DHA and DPAn-6 shows potential for use in anti-inflammatory applications.
