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Shahin Ranjbar, Ricardo Rajsbaum, Anne E Goldfeld, Transactivator of Transcription from HIV Type 1 Subtype E Selectively Inhibits TNF Gene Expression via Interference with Chromatin Remodeling of the TNF Locus, The Journal of Immunology, Volume 176, Issue 7, April 2006, Pages 4182–4190, https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4182
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Abstract
The transactivator of transcription (Tat) protein is essential for efficient HIV type 1 (HIV-1) replication and is involved in the transcriptional regulation of the host immune response gene, TNF. In this study, we demonstrate that Tat proteins from representative HIV-1 subtype E isolates, but not from subtypes B or C, selectively inhibit TNF gene transcription and protein production in CD4+ Jurkat T cells. Strikingly, we show that this repression is due to a tryptophan at residue 32 of Tat E and is secondary to interference with recruitment of the histone acetyltransferase P/CAF to the TNF promoter and with chromatin remodeling of the TNF locus. This study presents a novel mechanism by which HIV-1 manipulates a host immune response gene that is important in its own replication. Moreover, these results demonstrate a new mechanism by which the TNF gene is regulated via chromatin remodeling secondary to viral infection.