Volume 224, Issue 8, 15 October 2021

This real-world cohort study of 3596 high-risk patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 demonstrates similarly low rates of hospitalization after bamlanivimab or casirivimab-imdevimab infusion. The number and type of medical comorbidities influence the risk of hospitalizations after antibody treatment.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 subgenomic RNA has been proposed as a marker of infectivity in patients with COVID-19. Our analysis of subgenomic RNA transcripts in 185 samples suggests that it is no more useful in determining infectivity than a total RNA copy number threshold.

A longitudinal serological study of 228 convalescent plasma donors showed that immunological memory is acquired in most individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in a majority of patients for up to 11 months after recovery.

We demonstrated preexisting cross-reactive anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in prepandemic serum samples from children and young adults, which were likely derived from previous infection with common endemic β-coronaviruses. Promoting this cross-reactive immunity may be an effective strategy against SARS-COV-2 and future novel coronaviruses.

Although most carriers of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are asymptomatic, they are understudied compared with symptomatic patients. Test data from university students revealed a 20% transmission rate between roommates. In those who transmitted infection, viral load was 6.5-fold higher than in those who did not.

SARS-CoV-2 normalized viral loads and sgRNA detection are 2 rapid accessible tools that overcome Ct value and respiratory sample collection variability. They could be easily implemented in routine hospital practice providing a useful proxy for infectivity and COVID-19 patient follow-up.

IL-6 and TNF-α components in COVID-19 patient’s plasma induced the mitochondria apoptosis of adult T cells. Activation of autophagy inhibited the apoptotic sensitivity of adult T cells to plasma from COVID-19 patients.

In a diverse, ambulatory cohort (548 healthcare workers; 283 nonhealthcare workers), 11.2% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 over 6-month follow-up. COVID-19 symptom severity correlated with magnitude and trajectory of IgG production. Symptoms lasting ≥ 30 days afflicted one-third of infected participants.

In primary cultures of human airway epithelia, individual variation in ACE2 protein levels does not correlate with sex or age and has little influence on SARS-CoV-2 replication subsequent to infection.

The majority of participants with mild to moderate COVID-19 continued to shed SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharynx ≥10 days after symptom onset. However, we did not recover any replication-competent virus from 35 rRT-PCR–positive nasopharyngeal specimens collected ≥10 days after symptom onset.

Protein microarray responses were assessed for correlations with antibody and cellular immune results. Modified vaccinia Ankara elicited antibodies to 15 Western Reserve proteins; 2 proteins were significantly correlated with increases in neutralizing antibody and may serve as immunogens for future vaccine development.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for a Peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (PPiA) that is secreted through its N-terminal secretion signal. Secreted PPiA interacts with host integrin via arginine-glycine-aspartic acid motif, resulting in the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases facilitating intracellular bacillary survival.

Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) samples in 2018 collected within the German Gonococcal Resistance Network revealed the mosaic-like mtr locus as the major genetic determinant for reduced susceptibility to azithromycin predominantly represented by NG-MAST genogroup G12302.

The complement pathway is activated in treated people with HIV and is associated with prevalence of non-AIDS comorbidities.

Plasmodium vivax showed lower genetic diversity in Duffy-negative hosts but was not clearly differentiated from Duffy-positive hosts, suggesting between-host transmission. Parasites in Ethiopia and Sudan shared similar clusters, except for Khartoum, possibly due to distance and road density inhibiting gene flow.

We hypothesized that central nervous system (CNS) tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. Instead, we found cerebrospinal fluid tetrahydrobiopterin was elevated in cerebral malaria relative to other CNS diseases, and increase in tetrahydrobiopterin was associated with survival.