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Gianluca Iacobellis, Maria Cristina Ribaudo, Filippo Assael, Elio Vecci, Claudio Tiberti, Alessandra Zappaterreno, Umberto Di Mario, Frida Leonetti, Echocardiographic Epicardial Adipose Tissue Is Related to Anthropometric and Clinical Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome: A New Indicator of Cardiovascular Risk, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 88, Issue 11, 1 November 2003, Pages 5163–5168, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030698
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is related to multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a key role in metabolic syndrome. Easy detection of VAT could be an important tool to increase knowledge of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to study the relationship of echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue to anthropometric and clinical parameters of metabolic syndrome. We selected 72 consecutive subjects, 46.5 ± 17.4 yr of age, with a body mass index between 22 and 47 kg/m2. Each subject underwent transthoracic echocardiogram to measure epicardial fat thickness on right ventricle and magnetic resonance imaging to calculate visceral adipose tissue. Anthropometric, metabolic, and cardiac parameters were also evaluated. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue showed a very good correlation with magnetic resonance imaging abdominal VAT and epicardial fat measurement (Bland-Altman plot and linear regression). Multiple regression analysis showed that waist circumference (r2 = 0.428; P = 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (r2 = 0. 387; P = 0.02), and fasting insulin (r2 = 0.387; P = 0.03) were the strongest independent variables correlated with epicardial adipose tissue. Echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue could be applied as an easy and reliable imaging indicator of VAT and cardiovascular risk.