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Sissy M. Jhiang, A Monoclonal Antibody Recognizing the Extracellular Domain of Human Na+/I− Symporter and Its Potential Applications, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 85, Issue 7, 1 July 2000, Pages 2364–2365, https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem.85.7.6735
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The physiological role of Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is best described in thyroid tissues. NIS is the molecule that mediates iodide uptake activity, the first and rate-limiting step for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, in thyroid tissues. In addition to its importance in thyroid physiology, NIS is also of great interest for clinical applications in that iodide- concentrating activity in thyroid tissues has allowed the use of radioiodide as an effective adjunct therapy to surgery for patient with thyroid cancers. Indeed, radioiodide has been widely used to ablate residual, recurrent, and metastatic thyroid cancers after thyroidectomy. With that having been noted, it is not surprising that more than 100 scientific papers investigating different aspects of NIS have been published since the molecular cloning of NIS in 1996 (1–3). In general, the investigations have focused on: 1) NIS structural-functional relationship; 2) NIS mutations in patients with congenital hypothyroidism due to iodide transport defect; 3) screening for NIS autoantibodies in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases; 4) NIS expression in benign and malignant thyroid tissues; 5) spectrum of NIS expression in nonthyroid tissues; 6) identifying factors that regulate NIS expression in thyroid and nonthyroid tissues; and 7) NIS gene transfer for radioiodide therapy in human cancers.