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Lene Kromann, Nikolaj Malchow-Møller, Jan Rose Skaksen, Anders Sørensen, Automation and productivity—a cross-country, cross-industry comparison, Industrial and Corporate Change, Volume 29, Issue 2, April 2020, Pages 265–287, https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dtz039
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Abstract
We investigate the effects of automation on total factor productivity (TFP). Using industry-level panel data for nine countries, we find that more intensive use of industrial robots has a significantly positive effect on TFP. Specifically, an increase of one standard deviation in the robot intensity is associated with more than 6% higher TFP. Moreover, we find that the robot intensity increases with Chinese import competition and that automation is associated with higher wages and unchanged or higher employment.