Pro Holger Thiele 1 *, Dirk Sibbing 23, Olivier Barthélémy 4, Johann Bauersachs 5, Deepak L. Bhatt 6, Paul Dendale 7, Maria Dorobantu 8, Thor Edvardsen 1010, Thierry Folliguet 11, Chris P. Gale 12, Martine Gilard 13, Alexander Jobs 1, Peter Jüni 14, Ekaterini Lambrinou 15, Basil S. Lewis 16, Julinda Mehilli 17 18 19, Emanuele Meliga 20, Béla Merkely 21, Christian Mueller 22, Marco Roffi 23, Frans H. Rutten 24, George C.M. Siontis 25, Emanuele Barbato 26 27, and Jean-Philippe Collet 4 * 1 Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Strümpellstr. 39, Leipzig 04289, Germany; 2 Privatklinik Lauterbacher Mühle am Ostersee, Seeshaupt, Germany; 3 Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; 4 Sorbonne Université, ACTION Study Group, Institut de Cardiologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), 83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris 75013, France; 5 Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; 6 Brigham and Women’s Hospital Heart & Vascular Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 7 Heart Centre Hasselt and Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium; 8 University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila” of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; 9 Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway; 10 University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 11 Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Brabois ILCV, Nancy, France; 12 Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 13 Département de Cardiologie, CHRU La Cavale Blanche, Brest, France; 14 Applied Health Research Center (AHRC), Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada; 15 Department of Nursing, School of Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus; 16 Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center and the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; 17 Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Landshut-Achdorf Hospital, Landshut, Germany; 18 Department of Cardiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU Munich), Munich, Germany; 19 DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; 20 Interventional Cardiology Unit, Mauriziano Umberto I Hospital, Turin, Italy; 21 Heart and Vascular Center at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; 22 Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland; 23 Division of Cardiology, University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; 24 Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 25 Department of General Practice, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 26 Department of Cardiology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy; and 27 Cardiovascular Researc Center Aalst, Aalst, Belgium. Corresponding author. Tel: +49 341 865 1428, Fax: +49 341 865 1461, Email: [email protected] (H.T.); Tel: +33 01 42 16 29 62, Email: [email protected] (J.-P.C.) Figure 2 Considerations of pre-treatment. This figure indicates on the left-hand side the different management strategies in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients of whom 25% do not undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. On the right-hand side, prevalence of ischaemic and bleeding events in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome patients according to the pre-treatment status is indicated. *Event rates according to Head et al. 28 and Montalescot et al. 29 **Event rates according to Montalescot et al. 29 and Tarantini et al. 26 ***Pre-treated vs. no pre-treated patients. CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CAD, coronary artery disease; IRA, infarct-related artery; MI, myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; ttt, treatment.