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3.12 Cardiac masses
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Published:November 2022
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Abstract
Cardiac masses represent infrequent findings in cardiac CT and the differential diagnosis includes normal variants, non-neoplastic cardiac masses, imaging artefacts, and benign and malignant cardiac tumours. Given its exceptional spatial resolution and by enabling tissue attenuation characterization with the aid of contrast agents, cardiac CT can provide accurate assessment of the location, the extent, the morphological features of masses, and facilitate diagnosis as an adjunct to other imaging modalities. Standard coronary CT angiography image acquisition can be employed, and modification of the timing of injected contrast agent can improve the diagnostic accuracy of the modality. The most common cardiac masses include thrombi, myxomas, and metastatic tumours. Thrombi are commonly encountered in the left atrial appendage or left ventricle, and are characterized by low attenuation. Benign neoplastic masses appear pedunculated with narrow base to the myocardium, while malignant tumours have a more infiltrative pattern with broad attachments.
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