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John J. Kopchick, Edward O. List, Douglas T. Kohn, Gregory M. O. Keidan, Linghua Qiu, Shigeru Okada, Perspective: Proteomics—See “Spots” Run, Endocrinology, Volume 143, Issue 6, 1 June 2002, Pages 1990–1994, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.143.6.8882
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Introduction
The recent explosion of data obtained from genomic sequencing and the analysis of transcribed RNAs using automated techniques has provided a valuable knowledge base from which every field of biology can benefit. While this information serves as a beginning for the understanding of tissue-specific gene expression, it does not specifically detail the abundance of proteins nor the posttranslational status of proteins in a given tissue. Protein analysis techniques such as two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) have provided valuable insight into both the abundance and posttranslational states of proteins. Hence, the field of proteomics has become the premier arena for the analysis of the functional “proteome.” The intent of this review is to give endocrinologists a general overview of proteomics. We will highlight recent technical advances and some practical considerations including sample preparation, 2-D gel electrophoresis, protein detection, and protein identification that will help determine the “proteomic state” of a particular cell type or tissue.