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JAMES M. SUTTIE, PETER D. GLUCKMAN, JOHN H. BUTLER, PETER F. FENNESSY, IAN D. CORSON, FRANS J. LAAS, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR 1 (IGF-1) ANTLER-STIMULATING HORMONE?, Endocrinology, Volume 116, Issue 2, 1 February 1985, Pages 846–848, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-116-2-846
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We have investigated the possibility that IGF-1 may play a role in the regulation of antler development. Plasma IGF-1 concentrations were measured throughout the first period of development of the pedicle and first antler of red deer (Cervus elaphus) to determine whether a relationship existed between growth of antler cartilage (velvet antler) and IGF-1. We report that plasma levels of IGF-1 are significantly elevated during the velvet antler growing phase relative to the other phases of pedicle and first antler development and a strong positive correlation exists between antler growth rate and circulating concentrations of IGF-1. As IGF-1 has been demonstrated to influence cartilage growth, we suggest that IGF-1 is a candidate as an antler stimulating hormone.