
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Environment Environment
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Technocomplexes, Settlement Systems, and Art Technocomplexes, Settlement Systems, and Art
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Northern Caspian and the Lower Don Basin Northern Caspian and the Lower Don Basin
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Middle and Upper Don River Middle and Upper Don River
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Middle Volga and Kama basin Middle Volga and Kama basin
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The Volga-Oka Basin The Volga-Oka Basin
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Eastern Fennoscandia Eastern Fennoscandia
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Karelian Isthmus Karelian Isthmus
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Karelia Karelia
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Eastern Onega Eastern Onega
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Kola Peninsula Kola Peninsula
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Burials Burials
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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6 Eastern Europe
Get accessEkaterina Dolbunova, The State Hermitage Museum
Andrey Mazurkevich, The State Hermitage Museum
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Published:20 February 2025
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Abstract
Eastern Europe encompasses a huge area with different ecotones settled non-uniformly during Mesolithic from c. 10,400–9,200 bc. The end of the Mesolithic in eastern Europe corresponds to the beginning of the Atlantic period when pottery spread over vast areas rather rapidly (c. 6,000–5,600 bc). The Mesolithic strategies increasingly relied on the exploitation of aquatic resources, waterfowl, edible plants, and hunting of animals adapted to the forest and forest-steppe environments. The development of effective use of aquatic resources allowed breaking through ecological barriers posed by large bodies of wetlands and turn them to transport routes and as source of food. Different eastern European Mesolithic cultures were formed on the basis of the local Palaeolithic cultures or under the influence of neighbouring cultures, which resulted in the formation of a number of different technocomplexes. Substantial changes in the social organization of Mesolithic groups are marked by the appearance of large ‘communal’ cemeteries and new forms of art, restricted to several smaller areas within the forest zone of eastern Europe. The Late Mesolithic is characterized by cultural diversity manifested through diversification of complexes.
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