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State of the Field State of the Field
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Description of the Monuments Description of the Monuments
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The Tomb of the Three Brothers The Tomb of the Three Brothers
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Discovery and Documentation Discovery and Documentation
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Dating Dating
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Decor Decor
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The Tomb of Zabad’ateh and Neša, Son of Ḥat.rai (, 18) The Tomb of Zabad’ateh and Neša, Son of Ḥat.rai (, 18)
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The Tomb of Hairan (, 1–14) The Tomb of Hairan (, 1–14)
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The Tomb of Dionysus (, 14–20) The Tomb of Dionysus (, 14–20)
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The Tomb of ‘Atenatan son of Zabd’até: Axis Exedra and Exedra of Maqqai (, 12–14; 1935, 57–140). The Tomb of ‘Atenatan son of Zabd’até: Axis Exedra and Exedra of Maqqai (, 12–14; 1935, 57–140).
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The Tomb of Abd’Astor (, 119–140) The Tomb of Abd’Astor (, 119–140)
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Characteristics of Palmyrene Funerary Painting: A Tentative Approach Characteristics of Palmyrene Funerary Painting: A Tentative Approach
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Excavated Hypogea and Fictitious Trompe L’oeil (or Illusionism) Architectural Elements Excavated Hypogea and Fictitious Trompe L’oeil (or Illusionism) Architectural Elements
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Figurative Themes Figurative Themes
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Palmyrene Art: Between East and West Palmyrene Art: Between East and West
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Iconography Iconography
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Parthian Art? Parthian Art?
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Technique Technique
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Bibliography Bibliography
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35 Wall Paintings and Stucco Work in Palmyrene Funerary Hypogea
Get accessHélène Eristov is a CNRS archaeologist. Her research focuses on Hellenistic and Roman wall painting in Italy, Gaul, and the Middle East. In particular, she studied material from the excavations of Beirut’s city centre and painted decorations from Jerash (Jordan). She directed the Syro-French mission in Palmyra between 2004 and 2009.
Claude Vibert-Guigue is an archaeologist; in 1976, he specialized in the field of Roman wall paintings. He was trained at the Centre d’Etude des Peintures Murales Romaines (Soissons). A stay at the French Institute of Archaeology of the Near East in Jordan allowed him to work in various contexts, including rock or monumental structures in Petra and painted hypogea in the necropolis of the Decapolis. A second stay in Jordan allowed him to document the Umayyad bathhouse of Qusayr ‘Amra. His thesis on Umayyad paintings was defended in 1997. He joined the CNRS in 1999, as a research engineer. He developed the ‘Décor in situ’ programme and contributed to the study of a decorated reservoir in Azraq (Jordan). In 2004, a Franco-Syrian programme including the Three Brothers Tomb began. In 2016, he collaborated on Jordan’s Bayt Ras Tomb Project. His many works are regularly the subject of lectures, articles, and monographs.
Nicole Blanc is a CNRS archaeologist, Emeritus Director of research in the AOROC at the Ecole normale supérieure of Paris (France). Her work relates especially to wall decoration in the Roman world, focusing on stuccowork as a specific form of Roman artistic language and paying special attention to its contribution in the development of funeral rites. She took part in several archaeological missions, mainly in Italy (Rome and Vesuvian sites) and more recently in Syria (Palmyra), investigating new discoveries as well as formerly unearthed but neglected stucco reliefs. She has devoted several articles to the Palmyrene stuccoes discovered near the Efqa spring.
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Published:23 January 2024
Cite
Abstract
In the four necropoleis of Palmyra, only six tombs have revealed paintings and stuccoes. Unlike sculpted decoration, a wall plaster is fragile and very sensitive to humidity and abrasion; consequently, little remains of these features in Palmyra. The tombs with paintings and stuccoes extant are those of the Three Brothers, of Zabad’ateh and Neša, of Hairan, of Atenatan, of Dionysus, and of Abd’Astor. Scholarly knowledge of these tombs is based mainly on old publications because only two tombs were visible in 2011. Their figurative iconography (portraits, myths, Victories) and their architectural, animal, and vegetal decoration are inspired by traditional local elements and Graeco-Roman references.
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