
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Nuclear Security for Newcomers Nuclear Security for Newcomers
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Who Are ‘Nuclear Newcomers’? Who Are ‘Nuclear Newcomers’?
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International Norms for Nuclear Security International Norms for Nuclear Security
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A Phased Approach to Nuclear Security A Phased Approach to Nuclear Security
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Security-by-Design Security-by-Design
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IAEA’s Milestones Approach IAEA’s Milestones Approach
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IAEA’s Nuclear Security Guidance for Newcomers IAEA’s Nuclear Security Guidance for Newcomers
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Further Support for Newcomers Further Support for Newcomers
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Establishing the Essential Elements of Nuclear Security Establishing the Essential Elements of Nuclear Security
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National Authority National Authority
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Regulatory Framework Regulatory Framework
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Nuclear Operators and the Workforce Nuclear Operators and the Workforce
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Security Incident Responders Security Incident Responders
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International Cooperation International Cooperation
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Sustainability and Security Culture Sustainability and Security Culture
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Case Studies Case Studies
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Nuclear Security in Turkey Nuclear Security in Turkey
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Nuclear Security in the UAE Nuclear Security in the UAE
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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Suggested Reading Suggested Reading
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22 Nuclear Security for Newcomer Countries
Get accessZenobia Homan is a Research Fellow and Project Coordinator in the Centre for Science and Security Studies (CSSS) in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London.
Sarah Tzinieris is a Research Fellow in the Centre for Science and Security Studies (CSSS) in the Department of War Studies at King’s College London.
Şebnem Udum is an Associate Professor in the Department of International Relations at Hacettepe University in Ankara.
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Published:22 May 2023
Cite
Abstract
The chapter examines how states develop nuclear security systems as they navigate the lengthy journey of building a new civilian nuclear sector. It outlines the steps set out by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which states must follow sequentially to establish a civilian nuclear industry. In so doing, the chapter focuses on the hurdles states have needed to overcome to establish national regulatory and legal frameworks and implement physical protection systems for the first time, and also highlights where opportunities have arisen. Accordingly, the chapter considers the gap between the ideal and the reality, comparing the standards set by the IAEA with what individual states have been able to accomplish. In order to highlight differences in national approaches, the chapter utilizes two case studies: Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). At the time of writing, Turkey is in the final stages of operationalizing its first nuclear power plant (NPP), while the UAE’s first reactor went online in 2020. The development of the nuclear industry in each country is explored in order to understand how nuclear security systems might diverge. While implementation inevitably differs between states, nuclear security is an intrinsic and non-delineable aspect of the broader nuclear sector. In this process, what might be considered ‘norms’ of the global nuclear security regime are established, although perceptions about security might also evolve.
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