
Contents
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The Present State of Verbal Lie Detection: Interviewing to Detect Deception The Present State of Verbal Lie Detection: Interviewing to Detect Deception
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Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception
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Cognitive Credibility Assessment Cognitive Credibility Assessment
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Imposing Cognitive Load Imposing Cognitive Load
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Asking Unexpected Questions Asking Unexpected Questions
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Encouraging Interviewees to Say More Encouraging Interviewees to Say More
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Strategic Use of Evidence Strategic Use of Evidence
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Verifiability Approach Verifiability Approach
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Empirical Support for the Four Interview Protocols Empirical Support for the Four Interview Protocols
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A Comparison Between the Four Protocols A Comparison Between the Four Protocols
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The Future of Verbal Deception Research The Future of Verbal Deception Research
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The Choice of Deception Scenario The Choice of Deception Scenario
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Cross-Cultural and Individual Differences Cross-Cultural and Individual Differences
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The Use of Countermeasures The Use of Countermeasures
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The Verbal Cues to Examine The Verbal Cues to Examine
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Within-Subjects and Between-Subjects Comparisons and Indicators Within-Subjects and Between-Subjects Comparisons and Indicators
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Debriefing Lie Tellers Debriefing Lie Tellers
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External Validation in Realistic Settings and Implementations External Validation in Realistic Settings and Implementations
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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References References
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33 The Present and Future of Verbal Lie Detection
Get accessAldert Vrij, Department of Psychology, University of Portsmouth
Pӓr Anders Granhag, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
Sharon Leal, University of Portsmouth
Ronald P. Fisher, Department of Psychology, Florida International University
Steven M. Kleinman, Operational Sciences Institute
Tzachi Ashkenazi, Israeli Prime Minister’s Office, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Published:23 February 2023
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Abstract
The last thirty years has seen a transformation in deception research from passively observing subjects’ nonverbal behavior to actively interviewing subjects to elicit verbal cues to deceit. Although significant progress has been made, there is still much work to do in the rapidly developing field of verbal lie detection. In this contribution, we briefly discuss the current status of the field. We outline the four interview protocols most frequently discussed in the scientific literature to date—Assessment Criteria Indicative of Deception (ACID), Cognitive Credibility Assessment (CCA), Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE), and Verifiability Approach (VA)—followed by the empirical support for these protocols. We then present ideas on how to move the field of verbal lie detection forward.
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