
Contents
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Cost of Environmental Degradation and Greening Economic Growth Cost of Environmental Degradation and Greening Economic Growth
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Evolution of GDP and Emissions in Russia Evolution of GDP and Emissions in Russia
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Social Costs of Air Pollution and Major Health Risk Factors Social Costs of Air Pollution and Major Health Risk Factors
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Links between Reducing Health Risk and GHG Emissions Links between Reducing Health Risk and GHG Emissions
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Would Russia Benefit from Climate Change? Would Russia Benefit from Climate Change?
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Environmental and Energy Policy and Shifting to Green Growth and Development Environmental and Energy Policy and Shifting to Green Growth and Development
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History of Environmental Regulation in Russia History of Environmental Regulation in Russia
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Background on Environmental Regulation in the Soviet Union and the Newly Independent States Background on Environmental Regulation in the Soviet Union and the Newly Independent States
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Environmental Management in the Former Soviet Union Environmental Management in the Former Soviet Union
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Early Period of Perestroika (1980s to Early 1990s) Early Period of Perestroika (1980s to Early 1990s)
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Economic Liberalization (1991–95) Economic Liberalization (1991–95)
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Gradual Institutional Decline (1996–99) Gradual Institutional Decline (1996–99)
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Substantial Weakening of Environmental Policies and Institutions (2000–2011) Substantial Weakening of Environmental Policies and Institutions (2000–2011)
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The Future of Environmental Policy in Russia The Future of Environmental Policy in Russia
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Creating Incentives and Financing Environmental Priorities Creating Incentives and Financing Environmental Priorities
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The Role of Economic Instruments The Role of Economic Instruments
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Near-Term Steps Near-Term Steps
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Conclusions Conclusions
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Notes Notes
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References References
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18 The Challenge of Reforming Environmental Regulation in Russia
Get accessAlexander Golub is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Environmental Sciences at American University, and the former Senior Economist of the Environmental Defense Fund in Washington, D.C. His research interests include environmental policy, climate change economics and health risk analysis.
Mikhail Kozeltzev is a Professor of Economics and Director of the Institute for Environmental Economics and Policy at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow. His research interests include economic analysis of environmental liability and environmental regulation, as well development of national and local plans on climate change mitigation and adaptation.
Alexander Martusevich is a Consultant for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, France. His research interests include environmental economics and finance, water and environmental infrastructure.
Elena Strukova is a Consultant at the World Bank in Washington, D.C. Her research interests focus on the analysis of costs of environmental degradation.
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Published:01 October 2013
Cite
Abstract
The chapter considers improvements of environmental regulation as an important precondition for steady economic growth in Russia. Estimated costs of urban air pollution in Russia reach 4–5 percent of GDP. Human health risk constitutes the single largest part of environmental damage from air pollution in the country. We provide a detailed account for costs of environmental pollution, discuss the history of environmental regulation in Russia, and outline a way forward with key principles and recommendations for reform. Environmental regulation should address externalities and create explicit or implicit price of pollution to send market signals for private and public capital to be deployed into new technologies and shift to a “greener” (sustainable) and more inclusive economic growth. Risk indicators could be a central element for setting emission targets. A risk-based approach to environmental regulation can be complemented by a tax imposed on energy or, better yet, on CO2 emission.
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