
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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Saharan Beginnings Saharan Beginnings
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Origins of African Domestic Livestock Origins of African Domestic Livestock
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Goats and Sheep Goats and Sheep
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Were Wild African Cattle Domesticated or Southwestern Asian Cattle Introduced? Were Wild African Cattle Domesticated or Southwestern Asian Cattle Introduced?
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Genetics and African Cattle Genetics and African Cattle
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Pastoralism Emerges in Saharan Savannas Pastoralism Emerges in Saharan Savannas
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Dairying in Context: Genetics of Human Lactase Persistence and Lipid Analysis Dairying in Context: Genetics of Human Lactase Persistence and Lipid Analysis
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Pastoral Mobility Strategies Pastoral Mobility Strategies
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Saharan Pastoral Ritual Practices Saharan Pastoral Ritual Practices
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Saharan Social Arrangements Saharan Social Arrangements
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Pastoral Migration into Sub-Saharan Africa Pastoral Migration into Sub-Saharan Africa
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Eastern Africa Eastern Africa
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Southern Africa Southern Africa
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Subsequent Exchanges and Mixtures Subsequent Exchanges and Mixtures
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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25 Pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa: emergence and ramifications
Get accessDiane Gifford-Gonzalez is Distinguished Professor of Anthropology at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She has published on the emergence of pastoralism in Africa, human–animal interactions in coastal California, and archaeological method and theory. Past President of the Society of Africanist Archaeologists, she was elected President of the Society for American Archaeology for 2015–2017. She likes animals and plants.
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Published:05 April 2017
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Abstract
African pastoralism is distinctive from that of Southwest Asia, focusing on dairy production with cattle, sheep, and goats. The latter were domesticated in Southwest Asia and introduced, but debate continues on whether indigenous African aurochs contributed genes to African domestic cattle. Pastoralism emerged in what was then a grassy Sahara and shifted south with the mid-Holocene aridification. Zooarchaeology and genetics show the donkey is a mid-Holocene African domesticate, emerging as an aid to pastoral mobility during increasing aridity. Pastoralism is the earliest form of domesticate-based food production in sub-Saharan Africa, with farming emerging millennia later. Human genetics and lipid analysis of Saharan ceramics shows an early reliance on dairying. With the emergence of pastoralism, new economies and social relations emerged that were carried by pastoralists across the whole of Africa.
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