
Contents
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25.1 Introductory Remarks 25.1 Introductory Remarks
-
25.1.1 Phonology and Morphonology 25.1.1 Phonology and Morphonology
-
25.1.2 The Phonetic Basis of Processes: Fortitions and Lenitions 25.1.2 The Phonetic Basis of Processes: Fortitions and Lenitions
-
25.1.3 Processes as Mental Operations 25.1.3 Processes as Mental Operations
-
-
25.2 What is a ‘Sound’? 25.2 What is a ‘Sound’?
-
25.2.1 The Phoneme Inventory 25.2.1 The Phoneme Inventory
-
-
25.3 How Can ‘Sounds’ Change? 25.3 How Can ‘Sounds’ Change?
-
25.3.1 Processes ‘Change’ Sounds in Speech 25.3.1 Processes ‘Change’ Sounds in Speech
-
25.3.1.1 Articulatory Planning 25.3.1.1 Articulatory Planning
-
-
25.3.2 Diachronic Phonetic Change 25.3.2 Diachronic Phonetic Change
-
25.3.3 Variable Process Inhibition 25.3.3 Variable Process Inhibition
-
25.3.3.1 Lenitions 25.3.3.1 Lenitions
-
25.3.3.2 Fortitions 25.3.3.2 Fortitions
-
-
-
25.4 Reanalyses: Changes in Representations 25.4 Reanalyses: Changes in Representations
-
25.4.1 New Phonemes 25.4.1 New Phonemes
-
25.4.1.1 Phonetic Distance? 25.4.1.1 Phonetic Distance?
-
25.4.1.2 Effects of Opacity 25.4.1.2 Effects of Opacity
-
-
25.4.2 Mergers 25.4.2 Mergers
-
25.4.3 Direction of Change and ‘Perceptual Bias’ 25.4.3 Direction of Change and ‘Perceptual Bias’
-
-
25.5 System Changes 25.5 System Changes
-
25.5.1 Chain Shifts 25.5.1 Chain Shifts
-
25.5.2 Changes in Type 25.5.2 Changes in Type
-
-
25.6 Conclusion 25.6 Conclusion
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
25 Natural Phonology and Sound Change
Get accessPatricia Donegan is Associate Professor of Linguistics in the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. With David Stampe, she authored ‘The Study of Natural Phonology’ (1979) and ‘Hypotheses of Natural Phonology’ (2009). In addition to ‘The Phonetic Basis of Phonological Change’ (1993), she has written about vowel systems, phonological acquisition, and the rhythmic basis of typology.
Geoff Nathan is Professor of Linguistics at Wayne State University, located in the English Department. He received a Ph.D. in Linguistics with a specialization in Syntax from the University of Hawai’i but he has spent most of his career as a phonologist, first at Southern Illinois University Carbondale and then at Wayne State. His primary interests are in Cognitive Phonology (having been one of the earliest to publish on that topic), but he has also published on phonetics, the history of linguistics and recently exploring the relationship between the cognition of language and music. He has a textbook on phonology within the Cognitive Grammar framework. He also has a second (simultaneous) career as Wayne State´s specialist in computing law and policy, dealing with security and privacy issues and larger questions of computing and society.
-
Published:01 April 2014
Cite
Abstract
Phonological processes are phonetically motivated and universal, but their application is limited in learning a language. As the inhibitions on processes change, pronunciations and speaker abilities change, leading to changes in learners’ perceptions and representations. Natural Phonology accounts for the traditional notions of splits, mergers, rephonemicizations, chains, and typological changes through changes in these inhibitions.
Sign in
Personal account
- Sign in with email/username & password
- Get email alerts
- Save searches
- Purchase content
- Activate your purchase/trial code
- Add your ORCID iD
Purchase
Our books are available by subscription or purchase to libraries and institutions.
Purchasing informationMonth: | Total Views: |
---|---|
October 2022 | 16 |
November 2022 | 3 |
December 2022 | 2 |
January 2023 | 7 |
February 2023 | 10 |
March 2023 | 11 |
April 2023 | 7 |
May 2023 | 2 |
June 2023 | 6 |
July 2023 | 4 |
August 2023 | 5 |
September 2023 | 2 |
October 2023 | 4 |
November 2023 | 5 |
December 2023 | 1 |
January 2024 | 6 |
February 2024 | 7 |
March 2024 | 2 |
April 2024 | 7 |
May 2024 | 11 |
June 2024 | 10 |
July 2024 | 7 |
August 2024 | 9 |
September 2024 | 2 |
October 2024 | 8 |
November 2024 | 2 |
December 2024 | 9 |
January 2025 | 2 |
February 2025 | 2 |
March 2025 | 2 |
April 2025 | 1 |
Get help with access
Institutional access
Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. If you are a member of an institution with an active account, you may be able to access content in one of the following ways:
IP based access
Typically, access is provided across an institutional network to a range of IP addresses. This authentication occurs automatically, and it is not possible to sign out of an IP authenticated account.
Sign in through your institution
Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Shibboleth/Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institution’s website and Oxford Academic.
If your institution is not listed or you cannot sign in to your institution’s website, please contact your librarian or administrator.
Sign in with a library card
Enter your library card number to sign in. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian.
Society Members
Society member access to a journal is achieved in one of the following ways:
Sign in through society site
Many societies offer single sign-on between the society website and Oxford Academic. If you see ‘Sign in through society site’ in the sign in pane within a journal:
If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society.
Sign in using a personal account
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members. See below.
Personal account
A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions.
Some societies use Oxford Academic personal accounts to provide access to their members.
Viewing your signed in accounts
Click the account icon in the top right to:
Signed in but can't access content
Oxford Academic is home to a wide variety of products. The institutional subscription may not cover the content that you are trying to access. If you believe you should have access to that content, please contact your librarian.
Institutional account management
For librarians and administrators, your personal account also provides access to institutional account management. Here you will find options to view and activate subscriptions, manage institutional settings and access options, access usage statistics, and more.