
Contents
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6 Society, Mass Warfare, and Gender in Europe during and after the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
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Women in the Armies of the Age of the Wars of Revolution and Independence Women in the Armies of the Age of the Wars of Revolution and Independence
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Women in the American Revolutionary War Women in the American Revolutionary War
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Women in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars Women in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars
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Crossed-Dressed Female Soldiers Crossed-Dressed Female Soldiers
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Women in European Conflicts of the Nineteenth-Century Women in European Conflicts of the Nineteenth-Century
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Army Women and Female Soldiers in the American Civil War Army Women and Female Soldiers in the American Civil War
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Notes Notes
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Select Bibliography Select Bibliography
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23 Gender, Peace, and the New Politics of Humanitarianism in the First Half of the Twentieth Century
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7 History and Memory of Army Women and Female Soldiers, 1770s–1870s
Get accessThomas Cardoza is a professor of history and chair of the Department of Humanities of the Truckee Meadows Community College in Reno, Nevada. His research interests are in the fields of military history, childhood studies, women’s history, and Napoleonic studies. His publications include Intrepid Women: Cantinières and Vivandières of the French Army (2010); The American Experiment (2015); A Boy Soldier in Napoleon’s Army: The Military Life of Jacques Chevillet (2017); and numerous articles on women and children in French history.
Karen Hagemann is the James G. Kenan Distinguished Professor of History and an adjunct professor of the Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She has published widely in modern German, European, and transatlantic history and gender history. Her most recent monograph is Revisiting Prussia’s Wars against Napoleon: History, Culture and Memory (2015; German, 2019). Her volumes include Home/Front: The Military, War and Gender in Twentieth-Century Germany (2002); Masculinities in Politics and War: Gendering Modern History, edited with Stefan Dudink and John Tosh (2004); Gender, War, and Politics: Transatlantic Perspectives, 1775–1830, edited with Gisela Mettele and Jane Rendall (2010); Gender and the Long Postwar: The United States and the Two Germanys, 1945–1989, edited with Sonya Michel (2014); and Gendering Post–1945 German History: Entanglements, edited with Donna Harsch and Friederike Brühöfener (2019).
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Published:10 November 2020
Cite
Abstract
The chapter addresses the ways women were involved in warfare on both sides of the Atlantic in the time between the 1770s and 1880s as camp followers, officially recognized auxiliaries, nurses, and cross-dressed female soldiers and how their active war support was perceived and remembered during the nineteenth century. Collective memory of these women represents a complex picture. Camp followers and officially recognized auxiliaries were long forgotten. The small number of cross-dressed female soldiers, too, fell into obscurity, especially if they survived the wars. Yet by the latter half of the nineteenth century, some of these women were rediscovered, and their public image became more positive. Their public portrayal was, however, one dimensional: they were girls and women who rose above the limitations of their sex to defend a “nation in danger.” They now became examples of extraordinary female patriotism.
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