
Contents
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26 Fairness Criteria through the Lens of Directed Acyclic Graphs: A Statistical Modeling Perspective
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Introduction Introduction
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Why Banning Weaponized AI Is a Bad Idea Why Banning Weaponized AI Is a Bad Idea
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The Ethical AI Spectrum The Ethical AI Spectrum
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The Technical Feasibility of MinAI The Technical Feasibility of MinAI
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A Code for MinAI A Code for MinAI
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Ethical MinAI Mission Ethical MinAI Mission
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Ethical Guidelines Ethical Guidelines
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1. Purpose 1. Purpose
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2. Positive Balance of Risks 2. Positive Balance of Risks
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3. Avoidance of Ethical Dilemmas to the Extent Possible 3. Avoidance of Ethical Dilemmas to the Extent Possible
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4. Armed Conflict Shall Be Managed by Mixed Initiative Agreements 4. Armed Conflict Shall Be Managed by Mixed Initiative Agreements
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5. Primacy of Human Life 5. Primacy of Human Life
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6. Military Commanders Decide to Sacrifice Specific Lives 6. Military Commanders Decide to Sacrifice Specific Lives
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7. Machines Minimize Innocent Casualties 7. Machines Minimize Innocent Casualties
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8. Military Commanders, Developers, and Defense Departments Are Accountable for Ethical Weapons 8. Military Commanders, Developers, and Defense Departments Are Accountable for Ethical Weapons
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9. Security of Ethical Weapons 9. Security of Ethical Weapons
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10. Awareness and Recording of Responsibility Transfers 10. Awareness and Recording of Responsibility Transfers
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11. Human On- and Off-the-Loop 11. Human On- and Off-the-Loop
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12. Machine Self-Learning Considerations 12. Machine Self-Learning Considerations
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13. Fail Safe Management 13. Fail Safe Management
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14. Military Education and Training 14. Military Education and Training
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Potential Consequences of MinAI Potential Consequences of MinAI
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Complacency and Responsibility Transfer Complacency and Responsibility Transfer
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Denying Availability of Surrender Technology to Combatants Denying Availability of Surrender Technology to Combatants
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Bibliography Bibliography
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36 The Case for Ethical AI in the Military
Get accessJai Galliott, Director, Values in Defence & Security Technology Group, University of New South Wales at Australian Defence Force Academy; Non-Resident Fellow, Modern War Institute at the United States Military Academy, West Point; Visiting Fellow, Centre
Jason Scholz, Chief Executive Officer, Trusted Autonomous Systems Defence Cooperative Research Centre, Australia
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Published:09 July 2020
Cite
Abstract
This chapter addresses the military promise of artificial intelligence (AI), which is increasing along with advances in deep learning, neural networks, and robotics. The influence of AI will be felt across the full spectrum of armed conflict—from intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance through to the offensive and defensive employment of lethal force. This is to say that AI is less of a weapon than it is a military enabler, and yet the public still liken the notion of AI in the military context with killer robots, arising from the fears made public by numerous academic, business, and government leaders about the existential risk posed by an approaching singularity and the belief that AI could trigger the next world war. The chapter then considers what constitutes militarized “artificial intelligence”; the justifications for employing AI considering the limits of deep learning and the human role in alleged “black boxes”; the wider moral advantages, disadvantages, and risks of using AI in the military domain; and the potential implications for the way in which the armed forces plan, train, and fight. In doing so, it advances the concept of ethical AI as that which yields humanitarian benefits and differentiates between minimally and maximally just versions of said AI
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