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29 The Incentives and Effects of Independent and Government-Controlled Media in the Developing World
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Types of Inducement: Positive and Negative Types of Inducement: Positive and Negative
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Types of Brokers: Bureaucrats, Partisans, and Employers Types of Brokers: Bureaucrats, Partisans, and Employers
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Bureaucratic Bribing Bureaucratic Bribing
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Bureaucratic Intimidation Bureaucratic Intimidation
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Partisan Bribing Partisan Bribing
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Partisan Intimidation Partisan Intimidation
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Workplace Bribing Workplace Bribing
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Workplace Intimidation Workplace Intimidation
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Types of Voters: Supporters, Undecided, and Opposed Types of Voters: Supporters, Undecided, and Opposed
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Turnout Buying Turnout Buying
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Turnout Coercion Turnout Coercion
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Vote-Choice Buying Vote-Choice Buying
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Vote-Choice Coercion Vote-Choice Coercion
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Abstention Buying Abstention Buying
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Abstention Coercion Abstention Coercion
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Using a Classification of Dark Electoral Methods Using a Classification of Dark Electoral Methods
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Notes Notes
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References References
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38 A Menu of Clientelist Methods to Buy and Coerce Voters: The Dark Side of Electoral Persuasion
Get accessGilles Serra, Center for Research and Teaching in Economics (CIDE)
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Published:08 January 2020
Cite
Abstract
This chapter provides a new typology of clientelist methods of manipulating voters based on three characteristics: the nature of the inducements to voters, the broker providing the inducements, and the voters receiving the inducements. The chapter postulates two types of inducements (positive and negative), three types of brokers (bureaucrats, partisans, and employers), and three types of voters (supporters, undecided, and opposed). Combining the types of brokers and the types of voters with the types of inducements leads to twelve possible methods of manipulation that patrons (i.e., politicians) may use to influence their clients (i.e., citizens). These subcategories are illustrated with empirical cases from the large and rapidly growing literature on clientelism around the world. Developing such typology may bring conceptual clarity to a series of important phenomena that hinder the proper functioning of elections in many new and old democracies, and which have been collectively labeled “clientelism.”
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