
Contents
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Introduction Introduction
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The Liberal Tradition and APD The Liberal Tradition and APD
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Individual Equality Individual Equality
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Separate Spheres Separate Spheres
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Gender and APD Gender and APD
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Gender and the Founding of the American State Gender and the Founding of the American State
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Individual Equality Individual Equality
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Separate Spheres Separate Spheres
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The Civil War and Its Aftermath The Civil War and Its Aftermath
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Individual Equality Individual Equality
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Separate Spheres Separate Spheres
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Political Consequences Political Consequences
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The Progressive Era The Progressive Era
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Individual Equality Individual Equality
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Transforming the Doctrine of Separate Spheres Transforming the Doctrine of Separate Spheres
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The New Deal The New Deal
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Individual Equality Individual Equality
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Separate Spheres Separate Spheres
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The Civil Rights Era of the 1960s to 1970s The Civil Rights Era of the 1960s to 1970s
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Individual Equality: Redefining Separate Spheres as Pathological Individual Equality: Redefining Separate Spheres as Pathological
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Individual Equality Finally Works for Women Individual Equality Finally Works for Women
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Individual Equality Is Not Enough: The Personal Is Political Individual Equality Is Not Enough: The Personal Is Political
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Bringing Woman’s Domain into the Public Sphere Bringing Woman’s Domain into the Public Sphere
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Gender as a Dependent Variable Gender as a Dependent Variable
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Gender as an Independent Variable Gender as an Independent Variable
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Conclusion Conclusion
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References References
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6 Gender and the American State
Get accessEileen McDonagh is a professor of political science at Northeastern University and has written extensively on women, reproductive rights, the welfare state, and comparative politics.
Carol Nackenoff is Richter Professor of Political Science Emeritus at Swarthmore College. She co-edited (with Marilyn Fischer and Wendy Chmielewski) and contributed to Jane Addams and the Practice of Democracy (2009). She is the author of The Fictional Republic: Horatio Alger and American Political Discourse (1994) and co-author (with Julie Novkov) of American by Birth: Wong Kim Ark and the Battle for Citizenship (2021; 2022). With Julie Novkov, she has also co-edited Stating the Family: New Directions in the Study of American Politics (2020) and Statebuilding from the Margins (2014). Recent publications have appeared in the Journal of Women, Politics, and Policy, Maryland Law Review, Studies in American Political Development, and edited volumes including The Progressives’ Century 2016), Quakers and Native Americans (2019), Handbuch Liberalismus (2021), and Supreme Court Major Decisions (2018-2021). Her current research examines conflicts over the extent and terms of incorporating women, African Americans, Native Americans, workers, and immigrants into the polity between 1875 and 1925, and organized women's role in pressing new definitions of public work on the American state.
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Published:03 February 2015
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Abstract
The study of gender in American political development (APD) challenges the efficacy for advancing women’s political inclusion of a liberal tradition valorizing principles of individual equality and positing a separation of the family and the state. Masked are ways in which gender roles and the family are integral to governance and state-building. Gender is both a dependent and an independent variable in APD. Shaped by institutions and policies of the state, it also shapes institutions and policies that promote women’s political citizenship and expand the state’s capacity for social provision—by asserting not only liberal claims of women’s equality with men, but also by invoking maternalist claims based on women’s difference from men, thereby challenging and altering relationships between public and private spheres.
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