
Contents
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1. Introduction 1. Introduction
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2. The Transplantation and Spread of English 2. The Transplantation and Spread of English
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2.1 British Settlers 2.1 British Settlers
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2.2 Speakers of Afrikaans 2.2 Speakers of Afrikaans
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2.3 Indian Indentured Labourers and Other Settlers 2.3 Indian Indentured Labourers and Other Settlers
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2.4 Black South Africans 2.4 Black South Africans
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3. The Use of English in South Africa 3. The Use of English in South Africa
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4. Linguistic Features of English in South Africa 4. Linguistic Features of English in South Africa
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4.1 Lexical Variation 4.1 Lexical Variation
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4.2 Pronunciation Variation 4.2 Pronunciation Variation
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4.3 Grammatical Variation 4.3 Grammatical Variation
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5. Conclusion 5. Conclusion
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Acknowledgments Acknowledgments
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Notes Notes
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References References
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25 English in South Africa
Get accessBertus van Rooy, School of Languages, North-West University
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Published:03 March 2014
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Abstract
South African English (SAfE) traces its roots to the 1820 British settlers. From here, it spread to the descendants of Indian indentured labourers, who later shifted to English as home language. English diffused as second language to the indigenous African population and speakers of Afrikaans, and today occupies an important position as language of government, education, business, and the media. SAfE has borrowed vocabulary from Afrikaans, ancestral Indian languages, and in recent years also from other South African languages. Phonetically, SAfE has raised front vowels, the short front /i/ has allophones that range from high front in KIN to centralized in PIN, and a back vowel realization of START. Non-native varieties display various degrees of vowel contrast reduction. The modal must is used more extensively than in other varieties of English, while Black SAfE also uses the progressive aspect for a wider timespan than just temporariness.
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