Index

Page numbers in bold indicate figures.

Abbasids452, 458–61

Abbott, Nabia454, 456–57, 461, 462, 467–68

abbreviations
Christian papyri592, 611, 11, 612, 14
Christian private letters607
Gnosticism632
Greek and Latin170–77
Pentecost speech612, 14
Scholar's texts275, 279, 17
slurs177
and symbols176

Aberystwyth (Wales)69

Abinnaeus, Flavius68, 135, 141, 229, 249, 423

Abraham of Hermonthis439–40, 434, 445

Abusir al Malaq33–34, 345, 404

Abydos397, 407

academic mathematics342–43

accentuation268, 326, 330

accounts370–71

Achaemenid monarchy398, 473

Actium311, 315, 9

Acts of the Apostles595–96

ad Demonicum330, 595, 600

Adams, J. N.423–24, 446, 8

Addaius637

administrative documents
Arabic papyri461–63
bilingualism408, 524–25
declarations379–81
Ptolemaic Egypt524–30
katoikic land386
Latin422
mummy cartonnage and400
Near Eastern papyri483
official correspondence375–76
petitions377–79
public documents373–74

adoptions366

Advanced Papyrological Information System (APIS)199, 291–92, 649, 652–54

adverbs295–99

Aeschylus24, 268, 269, 286

Afghanistan475, 486–87, 6

afsh36, 40, 50

agoranomic documents548–50, 556, 558, 13

agoranomos364–65, 369, 484, 543–46, 556

agriculture
accounts370
and capitalism501
census of527
contracts368–69
dead lands466
and excavations647
Islamization463
multilingualism412
one-sixth tax (apomoira)526
survey of land525
taxation of530–32
thesauroi (granaries)530

AIP (Association Internationale de Papyrologues)65, 69–70, 510, 11, 644

Aland, K.598

Alcaeus62, 131, 268, 273, 278, 285

Alcman, copies of275, 285

Alcubierre, Roque Joaquín de304–6

Alexander of Lykopolis436, 608, 633, 637, 638

Alexander the Great180, 184, 320, 335, 11, 396, 399, 404, 405, 473, 476, 535, 541, 575, 579, 590

Alexandria
administration of Egypt526
administrative documents375–76
Alexandrian chancery103, 104, 105
Alexandrian majuscule127, 129, 131, 136
and Athens502
birth certificates380
as capital400
cartonnage33–34
chancery style105, 120–21, 133, 141, 142
and Constantinople535
declarations384
decline of464
demotic documents556
founding523
and Greek language433
imperial cults575
legal Latin425
Octavian captures396

Ali, Mohamad31–32

aliases172–73

Almagest349–51

almanac348–49, 351

alms464, 637, 642

Alopex archive224, 227

alphabet150, 167, 322–24, 327, 428, 431

Amenothes570–71

American Society of Papyrologists (ASP)510, 11

amicitia papyrologorum69

Amon565, 577, 582

amphitheatric papyrus6

amphora15, 16, 17

amulets372, 456–57, 467, 13, 584, 591, 595–96, 611, 8, 645

anagraphê546–48

Analecta Papyrologica75

Anastasi, Giovanni60

anepigraphic artifacts41

Annales school507

annotations272–77

Anonymus Londinensis355–56

Antinoopolis31–32, 34, 194, 242, 379–80, 523, 532

Antiochus II525

Antioch333, 371, 474, 487, 12, 487, 14

antiquities
antiquities laws497–98
Antiquities Service34
archives224, 225, 226
bakshish principle38
desecration of30–31
“hot” papyri648
Medinet Madi codices638
Near Eastern papyri478
papyrus cartels66–67, 73

Antonine Constitution423, 425, 485, 543, 554–55, 557

Apa Johannes436–37, 438

Aphroditê/Aphrodito papyri241, 242, 383, 434, 439, 440, 444, 453, 501

Apis bull405, 411, 414, 569–70, 582, 584, 586

Apocryphal literature598–600

Apocryphon of John628, 629, 630

Apollonios, finance minister of Ptolemy II103, 218, 226, 234–35, 243, 398, 413, 414, 474, 524, 528, 572.  See also Zenon archive

Apollonius (mathematical writer)340

Apostolic Fathers600

apostrophe262, 599

apparatus62, 202–3, 293, 300

Arabia479, 483, 523–24, 535

Arabic papyri
administrative documents461–63
Arabo-Nabataean474–76
astronomy457, 467, 12
Checklist of Arabic Documents211, 454
conversion463–64
documentary papyrus458–66
editing of455, 657
International Society for Arabic Papyrology (ISAP)454
last of467, 6
Latin terminology460
Near Eastern papyri488, 29
and poetry457
publication of453–56
and rural history465–66
study of453
Thousand and One Nights457
Wadi Daliyeh476

Arabs See also Arabic papyri
conquest of Egypt433, 435–36, 441, 464, 481
Coptic documents436
handwriting development136
names193
ostraca16
Ptolemaic era406
regnal years183

Aramaic
after Alexander400
Cologne Mani Codex633
customs accounts404
Engadi caves479
Near Eastern papyri489, 44
parchments11
Persian empire395–99
Petra papyri480
shipping412
Simon Choseba dossier479
technical vocabulary407

arbitration38, 387, 439, 440, 441, 447, 28, 490, 55

archaeobotanists41–42

Archaeological Institute of America499

archaeology
anepigraphic artifacts41
and archives226–27, 245–46
context of Oxyrhynchus excavations62
emergence of36–38
handwriting development102
Karanis excavations35, 38–39
museum archaeology228–29

archaeozoologist42

Archimedes339–40, 343

architecture32, 303, 314, 2, 566

archives See also bilingual archives
administrative documents377–81
antiquities excavation224, 225, 226
The Archive of Aurelius Isidorus73
archivization498
Babatha archive50, 51–52, 367, 476, 479
bilingual archives407–9
classifying243, 245
composition of237–40
definition217–18, 654
Dionysios archive548
Dioscoros archive439, 440
vs. dossier219
Dryton archive225, 229, 240, 388, 25, 499
Dura-Europos477–78
editions229–30
excavations47–49
guides230, 247
Heroninos archive231, 235, 362
Karanis245–46, 423
Leuven Homepage of Papyrus Collections (LHPC)230, 248, 655
Melitian monastery of Hathor435
museum archaeology228–29
loss of official archives360–61
original depositories219–24
Pachymios archive439
Pathermouthis archive439
real estate364
reconstruction of226–29, 247
Seleucids487–88, 23
Totoes archive223
types231–37
usefulness of216, 247–48
virtual collaborations658

Arden papyrus257, 258

Arethusa295

Aristophanes132, 167, 13, 269, 329

Aristotle167, 13, 268, 269, 288, 309, 311, 356, 488, 24, 614, 55

aroura177, 179, 185–86, 234, 489, 47, 528, 531

Arsinoe Philadelphos525

Arsinoite nome (Fayyum) See also Karanis; See also Tebtynis
administration of Egypt530
Christianity600–601, 605
death notices381
declarations384
deeds of divorce367
dialect209
dike-work certificates (penthemeros)384
excavations648
first Fayyum find32
geography184–85, 523
Greek soldiers' settlement401
irrigation system384
lease contract369
liquid measurement188
nomarchs529–30
prosopography194
Roman era532

artaba177, 179, 186, 187, 382, 407

asceticism636–37

ASP (American Society of Papyrologists)510, 11

Assiut (Lykopolis)44, 637, 639

Association Internationale de Papyrologues (AIP)65, 69–70, 510, 11, 644

astrology
and astronomy349–52
and Christianity586
Hellenization580–81
and Old Coptic431
papyri339
Roman period345–46
temples566, 584

astronomy339, 343–46, 349–52, 457, 467, 12, 566

Aswan32, 184, 290, 397

asylum575, 581

Athanasius of Alexandria593, 599–600, 608–9, 616, 97

Athena577, 583, 578

Athenaion Politeia288, 299, 4

Athenian, measure187

Athenian ostraca14, 15

Athens12, 157, 276, 313, 320, 502, 550, 577

Attic dialect150, 154–55, 157, 159–61, 187–88, 288, 298, 327, 331

auditoria (classrooms)321

Augustan papyrus6

Augustan writing style111

Augustine335, 5, 590, 632–33

Augustus6, 34, 45, 109, 190, 214, 12, 264, 374, 381, 484, 575–76

Aurelian474–75

Austrian National Library60, 99

authors329–32

autopsy379

Babatha archive See archives

Babylonia350, 473, 487, 23, 580

Bacchias40

Bacchylides232, 273, 278, 13, 285

Bactria, Bactrian language, xviii11, 461, 473, 482, 490, 61

Badr458

Baghdad452, 458

Bagnall, R. S.496, 500

Bagnall, W. S.227

Bahr Yusuf523

Bailey, D. M.39, 43

bakshish principle See also antiquities38

balloting14

Banaji, J.501, 512, 41

banking transactions364, 371

baptism615, 71

Bar Kokhba
archives49–50, 51, 52, 219
coinage489, 47
document cache49–50
Hebrew language474
legal documents490, 72
Near Eastern papyri476, 479, 489, 44

Barns, J. W. B.593

Bartoletti, Vittorio71

Basile, Corrado8, 25, 8

basilikos grammateus376, 378, 384–85, 526, 527, 533

Bayardi, O. A.305

Becker, C. H.454

beer43, 206

Bell, H. I.66, 68, 70, 229, 599, 616, 99

Belzoni, G. B.497

Berenice648

Berichtigungsliste der griechischen Papyrusurkunden65, 198, 212, 651

Berlin Codex630–31

Berlin Museum60–61

Berliner Klassikertexte (BKT)211

Berytus334

biblical majuscule128–29, 130, 131, 132, 136, 145, 146, 11

Bibliographie papyrologique209

Bibliotheca Teubneriana310

bikos186

bilingual archives241, 242.  See also bilingualism
antiquities trade224, 226
guides230
Hellenized Egyptians216
legal documents387
Leuven Homepage of Papyrus Collections (LHPC)230
publication of229–30
title deeds228

bilingualism See also diglossia
administrative documents408, 524–25
in Alexandria400
Apa Johannes letter438
Arabization459
archives407–9
Babatha archive479
Christian papyri612, 26
contracts409, 445
dreams414
education442–44
family archives409
Glaukias411, 414
Greek-Arabic documents461–62
Kellis papyri429, 434, 437
koine Greek327, 483, 591
Latin-Greek, decline of423
legal documents377, 437
literacy444–45
literary papyri444
monasteries434
Nessana dossier459, 480–81
Palmyra487, 10
Pehlevi documents, absence in420–21
school exercises334, 443
school texts442–44
scribes408
Soknebtynis dossier504
tax receipts408
translations445
urban/village status434
Zenon archive408–9

billeting410–11

Bingen, Jean69, 72–73, 246

biography283, 291, 633, 635–36

birth certificates360, 379–80, 389, 57, 423, 462

birthdates240, 346–48

bitumen80

Blanchard, A.170, 173, 1, 175

blotting paper82–83, 86, 89–90, 97

Boak, A. E. R.35, 67, 73, 615, 81

Bodmer papyri287, 443, 612, 26

Bonaparte, Carolina309

Bonaparte, Napoleon30, 55, 2, 309–10, 314, 5, 316, 25

book hands105, 257, 324, 347, 459, 632

Book of the Dead21, 83, 586

Book of the Temple568, 586

bookrolls
as ancient writing material19
Arden papyrus258
authors268, 269
book hands257
columns257, 259, 260, 261, 263
computer-assisted tomography314
dimensions of259
Herculaneum papyri264, 305–8, 313, 315, 9
lectors265
length of264–65
literary papyri267
lyric texts277, 2
Maas's law258, 261
manufacture of256–57
margins263, 277, 5
as material for codex25
multispectral imaging (MSI)313
and muse20
production of18–23
punctuation261–63
replacement of24, 256, 430, 631
scholar's texts273–74
title tags264
tombs44–45

Books of Jeû631

Borchardt, L.44

Borgia, Stefano59.  See also Charta Borgiana

Boubastos44, 92, 94, 95, 185

boulê (town council)184, 375, 390, 81, 533

Bowman, A. K.513, 66

B-R uncial145

brackets202, 203, 455

British Library145, 212, 631

British Museum47, 61, 66, 69

Brussels67–69

Bu Njem140, 446, 5, 656

Buchis bull569–70, 586

Buddhism633, 637

Bureaucracy See also agoranomos; See also basilikos grammateus
Arabic461–62
Byzantine period535
Ptolemaic era400
scribal training407

business correspondence
Christian602, 603
private documents362
registration system243
Zenon archive234–35

Byzantine papyrology See papyrology

Byzantine period
administration of Egypt534–35
Aphroditê/Aphrodito papyri501
arbitration387, 490, 55
archives241
dry measure186
Greek and Coptic documents154–55
leases369
loan contracts369
magical texts584
Near Eastern papyri476, 484–86
school exercises330

cadastral reference system528

cadastre of Aphrodito383

Caecilius Statius311

Cahen, Claude454

Cailliaud, Frédéric31

Cairo antiquities market33, 60, 66, 67, 626

Cairo codex287

Cairo Museum (Egyptian Museum)5, 226

calamus18, 19, 26, 12

calcium burns87

calcium carbonate87, 88, 89

Calderini, Aristide198

calendar159, 180–83, 209, 214, 12, 339, 344–46, 350, 482

calligraphic writing See also Augustan style; See also biblical majuscule; See also Gnomon of the Idios Logos
Antonine papyri127
Coma Berenices of Callimachus112
development of101–2
Ebers papyrus353
emergence of106–7
Latin handwriting development138–39, 141
literary papyri112, 113, 115, 116, 117
Oxyrhynchus papyri123, 126
Roman uncial128

Callimachus48, 112, 129, 206, 264–65, 269, 277n6, 287–88, 329

Cambyses395–96, 398

cantina deipapiri (Tebtynis)227, 228

Cappadocians595

Caracalla374, 381

carbonized papyrus See also papyrus; See also Petra papyri
archives231
conservation of91–98
Herculaneum papyri306–8
official correspondence375
restoration techniques84, 95–98

cardboard backing85–86

Carians397–98, 404–5, 412

Carmen de bello Actiaco139

Caromemphites404–5

Carter, Howard47

cartonnage
reused archive221
conservation and restoration of88, 89–91
crocodile mummies45, 46, 47
dating of papyri88
epigrams287
under Greek rule400
Gurob cemetery33–34
handwriting and102
mummy40, 43, 80, 87–88, 89–91, 102, 285, 287, 406
production of87
Sappho poetry285
Tebtynis45
Timotheos papyrus286

Caspians397, 399

Catalogue of Paraliterary Papyri (CPP)291

catechism331, 600

catechumens601, 636–40, 642

catfish42

Catullus287, 290

caudate hastas111

cave of horror479, 489, 48

cave of the letters49–50, 51, 219, 479

Cavenaile, Robert212

cedar oil83

cellulose treatment82–83

census227, 373, 380–1, 462, 479, 527, 574, 656

Centre de Documentation de Papyrologie Littéraire (CEDOPAL)199, 292

Centro Internazionale per lo Studio dei Papiri Ercolanesi71

ceramics4, 42

Chalcedon446, 19

Champollion, Jean-Francois31, 55, 3, 60

chancery style
Byzantine period135–36
imperial writing style120–21, 125
Latin handwriting development139–42, 143
writing development and111
Zenon archive105

chaos561–62, 565, 629

Chariton288

Charles III304, 307

Charta Borgiana30, 59, 98

Chartae Latinae Antiquiores212

Checklist of Arabic Documents454

Checklist of Editions of Greek, Latin, Demotic, and Coptic Papyri, Ostraca, and Tablets, xviii211, 299, 8, 388, 7, 397, 446, 16

Chester Beatty papyri443, 596, 597, 612, 26, 638

child-donation contracts508

choachytai/choachytes60, 219, 230, 235–36, 565, 571

Choat, M.601–2

choinix (pl. choinikes)186, 187

chôra528, 543–44

chous188

chrêmatismoi545–46

Chremonidean War525

Christianity See also codices; See also Constantine; See also conversation manuals; See also nomina sacra
amulets591, 595–96, 611, 8
Apocryphal literature598–99
Arabization460
business correspondence602, 603, 604
Chalcedonian433, 446, 19
chancery style136
condolence letters363
contracts387
and Coptic431–34
cryptograms607, 615, 88
and demons587
Dioscoros archive242
documentary papyri601–7
and Egyptian religion584, 586–87
and Gnosticism625–26
heretics623–24
legal documents461
literary papyri591–601
and Manichaeism637, 642
Melitian schism608–10
names in papyri193
as official state religion623
order to arrest604–6, 615, 76
and Oxyrhynchus excavations61–62
patristic literature599–601
persecution of373, 605–8
private letters601–3, 607, 614, 62, 616, 89
restoration of property534–35
school exercises328, 593–95, 612, 26
school texts600
scribes592–93
The Shepherd of Hermas591, 600, 614, 58, 614, 59
and slavery365

Chronique dʼÉgypte67

chronology180–83

Chrysippus107, 311

Chrysostom, John324

Church History, Manichaean638

Cicero141, 163, 167, 12, 289, 311, 317, 34, 334, 336, 17, 428

circumcision380–81, 389, 60, 573, 586

citizenship161, 380, 423, 542, 543, 554–55, 557, 605

civitas534

Clarysse, Willy230, 238, 246

classical literature24, 135, 150, 266–67, 282–300, 309, 328, 600, 612, 23, 612, 26

Claudian papyrus6

Clement of Alexandria598–600

Cleopatra34, 376, 396, 570

cleruchs, settlement of401–2, 412, 528.  See also klerouchos

clothing42, 371, 436, 462, 465, 513, 64, 572, 606, 615, 71

codex See also Chester Beatty papyri
ḥadīth collections456–57
authors268, 269
biblical majuscule129
Christianity266–67, 592, 611, 8
Codex Askevianus631
Codex Brucianus631
Codex Jung626–27
Codex Washingtonianus596
columns in266
development of23–24, 25, 265–67, 278, 8
Jewish592
Matthew591
New Testament595–96
Oxyrhynchus excavations62
patristic literature599–600
Pauline epistles598
Psalms593, 594
punctuation266
reconstruction of25
replaces bookroll24, 224, 256, 266–67, 430, 631
restoration techniques91
tax receipts224
tax registers383
Tura codices599–600
waxed tablets12

coinage37, 189–91, 489, 47

Collart, Paul71–72, 73

collation272, 275, 277

Collombert, Philippe402

Cologne Mani Codex633, 634, 635–36, 638

Columbia University, xx66, 649

columns (selides, paginae)14, 21, 59, 200, 204, 206–7, 214, 10, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263, 266, 278, 9, 308, 309, 316, 20, 330–31, 348, 353, 377, 490, 74

Coma Berenices of Callimachus112

commentary (hypomnema)114, 200, 208–9, 275, 277, 291, 325, 364, 379

commerce39, 419, 464–65, 590

common script140, 141–42

comparanda297–98

compound words173, 277, 4, 296

compulsory services364, 379, 384–85

computer-assisted tomography314

concertina tablets11, 13, 14, 23, 27, 42

condolence letters362–63

Conservation Service31

consonants152–53, 162–63, 173, 277, 4, 324, 444, 599

Constantine the Great189, 191, 422, 433, 535, 554–55, 586, 616, 97, 623

Constantinople129, 136, 373, 382, 422, 501, 535, 555

Constitution of Athens44, 61

consulate183

context499, 645–46

Contra Haereses628

contracts See also notaries (agoranomoi
adoptions366
agriculture368–69
Arabic papyri465
contract keeper (syngraphophylax)363
contracts of deposit369
divorce contracts238, 367
freemen365–66
Hellenization542
loans238, 239, 364, 368–70, 386, 388, 28, 437, 439, 479, 543–44, 548, 554, 558, 14
marriages366
Pehlevi documents419
property ownership367–70
Roman policy in Egypt557
slavery365, 368
tabellio364, 386, 485
wet-nursing contracts655

conversation manuals428, 444

conversion433, 461, 463–64, 466

copper18, 87, 383

Coptic See also Gospel of Thomas
Alexandrian majuscule131
in Arabic Egypt436, 453, 459–60, 467, 3
Arabic names193
Arabization and conversion463
archives240–41, 242
Checklist of Editions211
child-donation contracts508
and Latino-Greek in Christian milieus428–31
calendar180
deeds of surety387
development of435–37, 439–42
documents3, 4, 16, 192, 199, 229, 359, 434–442, 446, 16, 453, 460, 657
editing of657
electronic databases199
emergence of430–31, 432
first dated document440
and Greek430–45, 435, 442, 443, 631
Greek pronunciation153
handwriting development444
as language of the monks433–34
legal documents441, 442, 541, 460
as liturgical language460
Manichaeism639–40
Nag Hammadi Codices428, 627–31
place names185
school exercises328
Sophia Jesu Christi630
technical vocabulary194

Coptic Museum (Cairo)627

copybooks328, 335, 9, 375

Cornelius Gallus139, 290, 522

Cornell University66

Corpus dei Papiri Greci di Medicina354

Corpus Inscriptionum Iranicarum (CII)419

Corpus Papyrorum Graecarum212

Corpus Papyrorum Latinarum212

Corpus Papyrorum Raineri211

corrector274

cosmic order561–62, 565

costrels42

Cotton, Hannah480, 483, 486, 1

court proceedings238, 376, 543, 546–48, 550–52, 556–57, 607

creation624–26, 629, 636

Cretans398–99, 411, 582, 584

Cribiore, Raffaella320, 325, 335, 7, 500, 593, 595, 612, 26

Crisci, E.481

crocodile as religious symbol373, 405, 565, 569, 578–79, 580, 583
mummies46, 47, 80, 221–22, 226, 231, 247, 566, 574

Cronache Ercolanesi (CErc)310, 314, 1, 317

cryptograms607, 616, 88

cubit4, 6, 185, 186, 187, 218, 341

cults See also Amenothes
imperial575–76, 576
mortuary565
sacred animals569–70
Tutu583
Virgin Mary586

cuneiform script350, 352, 477, 488, 32

currency158, 175, 177, 189, 190–91, 485

“Curse of Artemisia,”405

cursive writing
abbreviations171
Arabic papyri455
bookrolls257
Byzantine period135–36
common script140, 141–42
cursivization109, 112
and decipherment of texts200–202
emergence and development of101–2, 106–7, 109, 111, 241
Greek443, 444
Latin handwriting development139–40
Latin papyri137
Near Eastern papyri481
Pehlevi documents419
Ptolemaic style106
restoration techniques203
Roman cursive115, 120, 121, 122
school exercises334

customs duties383

Cuvigny, Hélène648

Cyrenaeans411–12

Cyril of Alexandria599–600

Cyrus, prefect422

Dakhla Oasis437, 583, 639, 648
tablet books12, 14, 23

Dakhleh Oasis Project56, 12, 648

Daniel, Book of591, 600

Daninos, Albert47

dating
abbreviations175, 177
papyri of Psalms593, 595
Christian private letters614, 62
chronology180–82
commentary and209
fiscal year183
New Testament596, 613, 31
Old Testament595
palaeography649
regnal years486

dative154, 157, 159, 160, 165

Davis, Natalie Zemon508

Davy, Humphry307

DDBDP (Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri)192, 194, 198–99, 212, 521, 649–59

dead lands466

Dead Sea, xviii453, 473, 479, 489, 44
caves56, 21, 475–76, 478
scrolls474, 476

death notices381

decans (constellations)345, 580–81

Decius584, 586, 605–6
Edict373

declamations (meletai)325, 332–33, 335, 15

declarations177, 227, 228, 243, 367, 379–81, 383–84, 389, 54, 441, 479, 497, 547, 606

declensions153–55, 157, 165, 171–72, 325

decorations322–23, 576

deeds of surety386–87

Deir el-Bahari236–37, 571, 586

Deir el-Medina223

defensor civitatis534

dekaprotoi533–34

dʼElboeuf, Prince of Austria303–4

demes185

demons562, 572, 583–84, 586–87, 600

Demosthenes26, 34, 161, 167, 13, 204, 264, 268, 269, 335, 15

demotic writing
abbreviations175
administrative documents524–26
agoranomic documents558, 14
at Alexandria556
archives220, 221, 222, 226, 229–30, 236, 240–41, 242
astronomy346, 351–52
bookrolls19, 21
in Checklist of Editions211
court proceedings547–48
decline of236, 241, 242, 430, 549, 555–57
Demotic Chronicle284
dream books571–72
editing of657
Egyptians and Amazons284
horoscopic astrology347–8, 351–2, 581
legal documents399, 406, 541–43, 546–49
literary papyri283
mathematics342
measures186
medical texts353
Myth of the Eye of the Sun284
Oracle of the Lamb284, 576
oracle questions579
ostraca14–15, 245
Papyrus Amherst397–98
in the Persian empire399
resistance to Greek loanwords506–7
rush pen408
Tebtynis513, 60
war of scepters archive219
in Zenon archive408–9

denarius158, 189, 190–91, 263, 485

Derveni papyrus45, 92, 94, 103, 288, 313

Deutsches Papyruskartell66

di Sangro, Raimondo307

dialects149, 159, 192, 209, 262, 405, 407, 431, 482, 611, 3, 628, 638, 657

diaries (commentarii)360, 374, 384

diastole262

dichôra43

dicolon261–62

Didymus Judas Thomas630

Didymus the Blind593, 599–600, 614, 54, 614, 68

Diegeseis287

Diels, H.310

Diem, Werner454, 459

Dietrich, Albrecht454

digitization649, 653

diglossia327, 419, 421–30, 427, 434, 446, 8 See also bilingualism

dikastêrion546

Diocletian See also Edictum Diocletiani de pretiis rerum venalium
and bilingualism424
coinage190–91
Latin professorships425
Latinization422, 428
persecution of Christians606–8
property ownership386
regnal years183
Romanization422
taxes382

Diodorus's circle270–71, 277, 278, 13

Diodorus Siculus309

dioiketes474, 524, 526, 528, 531–33

Dionysia dossier551–52

Dionysios Petosorapis576–77

Dionysios, son of Kephalas, archive226, 230, 235, 548

Dionysius of Alexandria601, 615, 82

Dionysius Thrax295–99, 332

diorthôtês model274

Dioscoros of Aphroditê
archive241–42, 246, 655
bilingualism427, 434, 444
Coptic439, 440, 447, 27
handwriting development241–42
Kôm Ishqaw49

Dioskourides378, 402–3

diphthongs150, 152, 162

diplomatic handbook652, 659

diplomatic transcript203–5, 293–94

diplomatics480, 482, 484–85.  See also double document

disegni, of Herculaneum papyri307

diviso acu8, 26, 8

divorce contracts238, 367, 388, 22, 554–55

Dizionario dei nomi geografici198

document cache49–50
documentary papyri See also Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri abbreviations171
Arabic papyri458–66
book hands263
Christian601–6
classifying359–60
dating209
decipherment202
dreams652
Dryton archive499
editing of211
Greek handwriting development103
Greek language149–50, 154, 157–58
imperial writing style120, 125
Latin139, 142, 149–50, 162–64, 645
numerical data342
Pehlevi419–21
publication of358–59, 645
restoration techniques206–7
severe style71, 132
translations of650
types of361
Wörterbuch198–99

Doric dialect286, 405, 407

dossiers See also choachytai/choachytes; See also Kronion and Isidora; See also Nessana dossier
definition218–19
Kôm Gamman513, 56
Near Eastern papyri479
ostraca219, 246
Soknebtynis priests504, 513, 55

dots
diacritical, in Arabic papyri455
Leiden system202, 203, 214, 7
punctuation261, 277, 3
ruling dots261

double documents485, 544, 548.  See also diplomatics

double names579

dowry363–64, 366–67, 369, 410, 479, 550–51, 556

drachma/ drachmê (weight/currency)175, 177, 179, 188, 189, 190–91, 272, 485, 574–75

dreams240, 245, 414, 566, 571–72, 577, 582, 584, 652
Nectanebo's400
Nektembes414

Drovetti, Bernardino55, 1, 60

dry measure186–87

Dryton archive499

D-scholia331–32

ductus101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 110, 111, 114, 120, 127, 129, 131, 136, 141–42

Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri See DDBDP

Duke University649

Dura-Europos papyri
administrative documents385–86
archives, xvii47
literary papyri300, 12
military history385–86
Near Eastern papyri475–78
ostraca477
parchment11
published74
Sassanid invasion477
writing style120, 125
Yale excavations67–68

Easter602, 615, 71

Ebers papyrus353–54

eclipses346, 352

Edessa474, 478, 483, 487, 10

Edfu219, 241, 397–98, 400, 453, 502, 562, 565, 569, 573–74
donation text502, 573–74

Edgar, C. C.226

edict, xvii123, 373–4, 381–82, 389, 45

Edictum Diocletiani de pretiis rerum venalium257, 263

education320–33, 442–44, 524.  See also Cribiore, Raffaella, See also school exercises

Egypt See also irrigation system; See also Islamization
administrative documents524–30
antiquities laws497
and Antonine Constitution554–55, 557
Arab era435, 441, 466, 523–24, 535
astrology346–52
astronomical papyri343–46
bilingualism327, 395–445
Cambyses conquers395–96
charred papyrus92–98
and Christianity431–34, 590–622, 627–28
chronology180–83
cleruchic settlement528
coinage189–91
conquest of180, 399, 590
Egypt Exploration Fund/Society (EEF/EES)33–34, 36, 61–63, 645
epikrisis registers380
ethnic identity432–33
geography184–85, 522–24
and Gnosticism598, 613, 44, 624, 626–32
Greek documentary language162
Greek population of401
Hellenization524, 530, 542–43
insurgencies576
land registration546
Latin papyri137, 162
law of the Egyptians550–52, 555–57
legal documents541–45
literacy359–60
literary papyri282–84
Macedonian conquest158
Manichaeism632–42
military history386
monasteries608, 637
multilingualism395–445
municipalization532–33
ostraca14–16, 40–44, 53, 245–46, 322–24, 343
papyrus origin5
peregrines543
publication of papyri211
regnal years182–83, 491, 77
Roman era422, 484–85, 504, 532–33, 553–55
salt tax382
Sassanids419
Seven Nomes523
Sonderstellung problem64–65, 500, 512, 40
status of Egyptians530
taxes382–83
writing development and109, 111–12

Egyptian language See also demotic; See also Coptic
administrative documents524–25
Arabization of Egypt460
decline of430–31
legal documents542
names191–93
Ptolemaic era406
technical vocabulary194

Egyptian religion See also cults
amulets584
and Christianity584, 586–87
demons583–84
disappearance of582–87
dreams571–72
Edfu temple219, 502, 562, 569
Greek inscriptions581–82
Hellenization of the gods578–80
interpretatio graeca522–23, 577–78
listening gods568, 570
magical texts583–84
oracles563, 571
sacred animals569–70
saints570–71
temple administration573–76
variations565
wisdom literature583
worldview561–64

Egyptology60–61

Eighteenth International Congress of Orientalists68

eisthesis262

ekdosis366

ekphrasis332

ekthesis262

electi636

electrolysis97

electronic databases See also Advanced Papyrological Information System; See also DDBDP (Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri); See also Leuven Database of Ancient Books (LDAB)
Bibliographie papyrologique209
Catalogue of Paraliterary Papyri (CPP)291
images648–49
Leuven Homepage of Papyrus Collections (LHPC)230
Mertens-Pack285, 292, 300, 12

elegy285, 290, 294

Elephantine103, 220, 343, 397–98, 409–10, 420, 565, 582

Eloquent Peasant283

emancipations365–66

employment contracts364, 369–70

emporitic papyrus6

encomium332–33

endogamy504, 506, 513, 58

Engadi479

enguetes (surety)530

enkyklios paideia321, 328

Ennius311

enteuxis377–78, 526

enzyme treatment86, 90–91

epagomenê180, 181, 182

ephemeris349

Epicurus303, 310–13, 317, 34

epicycle350

epigrams105, 261, 287, 309, 311, 317, 34, 498

epigraphê533

epikrisis208, 360, 363, 380, 389, 59, 504

Epiphanius of Salamis623–26, 632

Epistles of Mani638

epistolary courtesies160

epistolary writing330

epistrategos184, 385, 551

epoikion184

epsilon-theta style114, 119

Erasistratus355–56

Erinna286

erôtêmata331

ethics498

ethnic identity432–33

ethnos (caste)524–25

êthopoiiai332–33

Euclid340, 342–43

Eudoxus papyrus344–45

Euripides105, 268, 269, 286–87, 327, 309, 327, 329, 603

Eusebius of Caesarea600–601

evolving hand324, 330–31

exactor civitatis390, 81, 534

excavations
context destruction646–47
Egypt Exploration Fund (EEF)33–34
house-to-house-approach48
illicit excavations33–35, 40, 67, 247
multidisiplinary41–44
papyrus conservation81
pre-WWI36
rescue excavations647

Exodus, Book of591, 595, 598

fables283, 330, 488, 27