The Science of Deception: Psychology and Commerce in America
The Science of Deception: Psychology and Commerce in America
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Abstract
During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Americans were fascinated with fraud. P. T. Barnum artfully exploited the American yen for deception, and even Mark Twain championed it, arguing that lying was virtuous insofar as it provided the glue for all interpersonal intercourse. But deception was not used solely to delight, and many fell prey to the schemes of con men and the wiles of spirit mediums. As a result, a number of experimental psychologists set themselves the task of identifying and eliminating the illusions engendered by modern, commercial life. By the 1920s, however, many of these same psychologists had come to depend on deliberate misdirection and deceitful stimuli to support their own experiments. This book explores this paradox, weaving together the story of deception in American commercial culture with its growing use in the discipline of psychology. The author reveals how deception came to be something that psychologists not only studied but also employed to establish their authority. Psychologists developed a host of tools—the lie detector, psychotherapy, an array of personality tests, and more—for making deception more transparent in the courts and elsewhere. This study illuminates the intimate connections between the scientific discipline and the marketplace during a crucial period in the development of market culture.
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Front Matter
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Introduction
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One
“Graft Is the Worst Form of Despotism”: Swindlers, Commercial Culture, and the Deceivable Self
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Two
Hunting Duck-Rabbits: Illusions, Mass Culture, and the Law of Economy
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Three
“Not Our Houses but Our Brains Are Haunted”: The Arts of Exposure at the Boundaries of Credulity
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Four
The Unwary Purchaser: Trademark Infringement, the Deceivable Self, and the Subject of Consumption
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Five
Diagnosing Deception: Pathological Lying, Lie Detectors, and the Normality of the Deceitful Self
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Six
Studies in Deceit: Personality Testing and the Character of Experiments
- Conclusion Barnum’s Ghost Gives an Encore Performance
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End Matter
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