Volume 217, Issue 1, July 2024

Patients with very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) may present because of underlying monogenic inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Strong differences have been observed in the causes of monogenic IBD among ethnic populations. The high rate of monogenic defects with a broad spectrum of genes reiterates the importance of investigating IEI in patients with infantile-onset IBD.

This graphical abstract compares the hypothetical timelines of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy (green line) and CD19-TCE (purple line) in the context of autoimmune disease flare. CAR T-cell therapy is often limited to specialized centers due to its high-production costs, labor-intensive process, delayed effector T-cell pool establishment, and tolerability issues with prerequisite toxic lymphodepleting chemotherapy, potentially restricting its use and impacting patient outcomes. In contrast, CD19-TCB, readily available and immediately deployable upon disease flare detection, mitigates the risks associated with disease progression due to delays in CAR T-cell therapy access.

Collectively, our findings suggest the involvement of Th2 cells in allergic asthma (AA) by expressing excessive IL-18 and IL-18Rα in response to allergen, and that IL-18 and IL-18Rα expressing Th2 cells are likely to be the potential targets for AA therapy. This summary graph shows allergen-induced IL-18 and IL-18Rα expressions in blood CD4, Th2, and Th17 cells of AA.

Blood T lymphocytes from CD patients are less prone to undergo apoptosis before migrating to the intestinal mucosa. The inhibition of catalase has a direct impact on the apoptotic capacity of blood T lymphocytes, with potential contribution to the pathogenic events in CD.

In IBD patients, the Mettl3 is widely expressed in the inner nucleus of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), and the level of Mettl3 is significantly decreased during the onset of acute intestinal inflammation. Loss of Mettl3 in IECs triggers spontaneous colitis and wasting phenotype in mice. RNA sequencing demonstrated that upon deletion of Mettl3, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were massively enriched for pathways correlated with NOD-like receptor signaling.

Although perianal Crohn’s disease (PCD) is highly associated with the exacerbated inflammation, the molecular basis and immunological signature that distinguish patients who present a history of perianal lesions are still unclear. This paper aims to define immunological characteristics related to PCD. These findings clarify some mechanisms involved in the development of the perianal manifestations and may have a great impact on the disease management.

NETs promote human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells pyroptosis in vitro . The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) of the experimental autoimmune myositis mouse model also showed a trend of pyroptosis in vivo . NLRP3 inflammasome is activated during pyroptosis.

Among rotavirus vaccinated infants, there was no evidence of an association between HCMV-IgM serostatus at 9 months with RV-IgA titer at 12 months (GMR 1.01, 95%CI: 0.70, 1.45; P  = 0.976). However, HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were HCMV-IgM seropositive at 9 months old had a 63% reduction in RV-IgA geometric mean titers at 12 months compared to HIV-exposed-uninfected infants who were HCMV-IgM seronegative (geometric mean ratio 0.37, 95%CI: 0.17, 0.77; P  = 0.008). Created with BioRender.com

To establish an updated view of UK clinicians and patients, a Delphi process was used to develop statements regarding long-term prophylaxis and other aspects of hereditary angioedema management. UK access criteria for modern LTP agents based on numerical frequency of attacks alone were thought to be too simplistic, and potentially disadvantage a cohort of patients who may benefit from LTP. There was agreement that patients should be seen in expert centres, remote monitoring of patients is popular post-pandemic, patient-reported outcome measures has the potential to improve patient care, and psychological support may benefit patients.