... their first language. Although there are many children who acquire one language at a time, children’s exposure to more than one language in their primary language acquisition has for centuries been the norm in many parts of the world. language mixing code-switching competence performance Communicative...

...This chapter identifies the rationale behind this volume: the enduring controversy over how to theorize language-mixing strategies. Relating this controversy to discrepancies in the conceptualization and treatment of the data of language mixing, it outlines a method to distinguish...

... education classics and empire imperial language language mixing hybridity cosmopolitanism nationalism and literature socialism and literature In the last five decades, a growing body of work has focused on “the imagery, literary representations, beliefs, and ideologies which empire builders...

... distinct from code-switching, leading to long-standing controversy over how best to theorize language mixing strategies. This volume focuses on lexical borrowing as it actually occurs in the discourse of bilingual speakers, building on more than three decades of original research. Based on vast quantities...

...This chapter reviews the analytical and methodological tenets associated with the variationist perspective on language and outlines its specific applications to the study of language mixing. Key among them are the principled selection of participants and their validation in the community...

...This chapter has three primary goals: to account for the salient features of English in Southeast Asian advertising; to show that multilingual language-mixing and script-mixing is a norm and not an exception; and to uncover and explain deep-rooted biases associated with darker skin...

... inhibitory control language attrition linguistic regression Alzheimer’s Disease bilingualism cognitive control cognitive reserve language mixing While language attrition is frequently defined as the non-pathological loss of a language, pathological linguistic...

... that they are often based in sterile conventionality. Examining grammar and style, cursing, slang, political correctness, regional dialects, ethnic dialects, foreign accents, and language mixing, this book discusses the strong feelings evoked by language variation, from objections to pronunciation, to complaints...

... to L2 in children. Moreover, the book discusses the general cognitive correlates of bilingualism in children, how conceptual knowledge is available to bilingual learners, how the L1 and L2 subsystems interact, language mixing in child bilingualism, and how metalinguistic abilities associated with school...

...This chapter details the difficulties inherent in building corpora pertinent to the process of lexical borrowing, reviews methods for gathering data capable of identifying the grammars giving rise to the various language mixing types, and emphasizes the importance of distinguishing occasional uses...

...Analysis of language mixing in the actual production data of bilingual individuals has permitted us to test and overturn many long-standing assumptions about borrowing and code-switching empirically: borrowing is not monolithic but takes many forms in the speech community; it does not originate...

... into a single utterance: Mi hermano bought some ice cream. This volume examines the grammatical properties of languages mixed in this way, focusing on cases of language mixing within a sentence. It considers the grammar of codeswitching from a variety of perspectives, offering a collection of theoretically...