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33.1 Mid-Twentieth Century Debates about Philo’s Judaism 33.1 Mid-Twentieth Century Debates about Philo’s Judaism
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33.2 Philo Judaeus on His Own Terms 33.2 Philo Judaeus on His Own Terms
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33.3 Philo and His Jewish Contemporaries 33.3 Philo and His Jewish Contemporaries
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33.3.1 Outside the Bible 33.3.1 Outside the Bible
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33.3.2 Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora 33.3.2 Jews in the Mediterranean Diaspora
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33.3.3 Specific Topics: Judaism and the Gentiles 33.3.3 Specific Topics: Judaism and the Gentiles
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33.3.4 Specific Topics: Judaisms and Their Messiahs 33.3.4 Specific Topics: Judaisms and Their Messiahs
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33.4 Philo and Jews of Later Times 33.4 Philo and Jews of Later Times
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33.5 Conclusion 33.5 Conclusion
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33 Contemporary Receptions and Future Prospects among Scholars of Judaism
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Published:February 2025
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Abstract
After some pivotal mid-twentieth-century considerations of Philo in relation or in contrast to “normative” Judaism, scholars began to study Philo on his own terms for a better understanding of his identity as a Jew. This chapter surveys various approaches, including studies of his beliefs and practices, his treatment of Jewish and philosophical themes, biblical interpretations, and attitudes toward and interactions with others—both Jews and non-Jews. In addition, growing interest in varieties of Judaism during the Second Temple period has allowed for more complex and nuanced insight into Philo’s place among his contemporaries, and the chapter reviews selected broad treatments of topics from that period. Also considered are studies of later periods of Judaism and such questions as Philo’s influence on later Jewish sources, evaluations of his standing as a Jew, and representations of him as a model for later diaspora Jews. The chapter concludes with suggestions about possible directions for future research.
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