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Serbia on the eve of the uprisings Serbia on the eve of the uprisings
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Tyranny of the deys Tyranny of the deys
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Rebellion against the deys Rebellion against the deys
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Rebellion against the Sultan Rebellion against the Sultan
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Ottoman reconquest Ottoman reconquest
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Second Serbian Uprising Second Serbian Uprising
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2 The Serbian Uprisings: 1804–1815
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Published:May 2024
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Abstract
Modern Serbia arose from the Sanjak of Smederevo. This Ottoman administrative unit roughly corresponded to the region of Šumadija, modern Serbia’s heartland. The social, economic and geopolitical circumstances of this region, on the Habsburg Empire’s border, combined explosively: its Orthodox Serbs were increasingly oppressed, exploited and fractious yet retained the residual communal autonomy granted them by the Ottomans—a starting point for their bid for statehood. Meanwhile, across the border in Austria, Serb national life flourished. Austria, which since 1687 incorporated Hungary and which in 1804 would be formally constituted as the Empire of Austria, served as a wrecking ball to weaken Ottoman rule in the sanjak while mobilizing Serbs to fight it. These factors produced a revolution in the sanjak in the first two decades of the nineteenth century. Historiography traditionally divides this into the First and Second Serbian Uprisings, though they formed a continuous process of resistance divided by a briefly successful episode of Ottoman repression. The revolution resulted in a reborn Serbian statehood, that began as little more than limited autonomy based on the existing Ottoman framework and its traditional Serb institutions, whose enhancement the Ottomans permitted so as to re-establish order.
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